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Boundary Ephedra

Ephedra aspera

Ephedra aspera is a species of Ephedra known by the common names rough jointfir, boundary ephedra, and pitamoreal. It is native to the southwestern United States from California to Texas and parts of northern Mexico as far south as Zacatecas. It is a resident of varied woodland and scrub plant communities. Ephedra aspera is a highly branched shrub often exceeding 1 metre (3. 3 ft) in height made up of many long yellow-gold twigs. Its small leaves are just a few millimeters long. Male plants bear pollen cones 4 to 7 millimeters long. Female plants may be darker to reddish in color, bearing seed cones which are slightly larger than those of the male plant and contain only one seed each.

California Jointfir

Ephedra californica

Ephedra californica is a species of Ephedra known by the common names California jointfir, California ephedra, desert tea, and caatillo. It is native to southern California, Arizona, and Baja California, where it grows in varied scrub and open habitats, including chaparral and grassland. This is a spindly shrub made up of twigs which are greenish when new and age to a yellowish-gray color and have fine longitudinal grooves on their surfaces. It may exceed a meter in height. The tiny leaves grow at nodes on the twigs and dry and crumble away to leave brownish ridges there. Male plants produce clumps of pollen cones at the nodes and female plants produce egg-shaped seed cones each about a centimeter long.

Death Valley Ephedra

Ephedra funerea

Ephedra funerea is a species of Ephedra, known by the common name Death Valley jointfir or Death Valley ephedra. It is native to the Mojave Desert of California, Arizona and Nevada. It is named after a population in the Funeral Mountains, in Death Valley National Park. The Ephedra funerea shrub is made up of erect twigs which are gray-green when new and age to gray and cracked. There are tiny leaves at nodes along the twigs. Male plants produce pollen cones at the nodes which are up to 8 millimeters long, and female plants produce seed cones which are slightly longer and may grow on stalks.

Nevada Jointfir

Ephedra nevadensis

Ephedra nevadensis (Nevada ephedra) is a species of Ephedra native to dry areas of western North America. Its range extends west to California and Oregon, east to Texas, and south to Mexico, including areas of the Great Basin, Colorado plateau and desert Southwest. It is found in rocky and sandy soils, generally in areas without trees.

Longleaf Jointfir

Ephedra trifurca

Ephedra trifurca is a species of Ephedra known by the common names longleaf jointfir and Mexican tea. It is native to many of the northern states of Mexico and the southwestern United States, where it is a resident of desert scrub plant communities. This sprawling shrub may approach two meters in height. It is made up of erect, sharp-pointed twigs which are light green when young and age to yellowish or greenish gray. It has curling, pointed leaves at its nodes which are up to 1.5 centimeters long and persistent. Male plants produce pollen cones at the nodes, each up to a centimeter long, and female plants produce seed cones which are slightly larger and each contain one seed in a papery envelope.

Mountain Ephedra

Ephedra viridis

Ephedra viridis is a species of Ephedra known by the common names green ephedra and green Mormon tea. It is native to the western United States, where it is a member of varied scrub, woodland, and open habitats. This shrub is made up of many erect bright green twigs. They may yellow somewhat with age. Nodes along the twigs are marked by the tiny brown ridges which are the plant's leaves. Male plants produce pollen cones at the nodes, each under a centimeter long with protruding yellowish sporangiophores. Female plants produce seed cones which are slightly larger and contain two seeds each.

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