Fritillaria affinis (checker lily, chocolate lily) is a highly variable species in the genus Fritillaria, native to western North America, in California, Klamath Ranges, the north coast ranges, Cascade Ranges, north Sierra Nevada foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area, north to British Columbia and Idaho. It is found at elevations ranging from sea level to 5,000 ft. It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are 10-120 centimeter tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, 1-4 centimeter, yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls. Like many other native geophytes, it needs either a dry summer dormancy or very well drained soil. Given its wide range in the wild, it should be easy to grow. However, people report varying results in the garden.

Fritillaria agrestis is a species of fritillary known by the common name stinkbells. This wildflower is endemic to California, where it is a rare plant. It grows in heavy soils, particularly clay, in the central part of the state. This lily grows an erect stem reaching about half a meter in height with a clump of 5 to 12 long, narrow leaves clustered around its base. The nodding flower is a cup of six petals, each one to three centimeters long and sometimes curved at the tips. They are white with greenish to pinkish markings on the outer surface and purple-brown on the inner surface. The nectaries inside the flower are long and prominent. The flower has an unpleasant odor.

Fritillaria atropurpurea is a species of fritillary known by several common names, including spotted fritillary, purple fritillary, spotted mountainbells, and spotted missionbells. This wildflower is native to the western United States, where it is often found beneath trees in moldy leaf litter. This species has the widest distribution of the fritillaries, growing from California to the Dakotas. The stems may reach anywhere from 10 to 60 centimeters in height and bear narrow, pointed leaves at nodes along the stem. The nodding flower has splayed-open petals each one or two centimeters long which are yellowish or cream-colored with heavy dark purple-brown mottling. The center of the flower has a central style surrounded by stamens with very large yellow anthers. This species is similar to Fritillaria pinetorum, but it has nodding flowers compared with the latter's erect blooms.

Fritillaria biflora (Chocolate Lily) is a species in the Liliaceae (Lily) family that is endemic to California and northern Baja. It is found along the coast from Montery County south. Fritillaria biflora is called "Chocolate Lily" because its bell-shaped flowers resemble the color of chocolate. It should not be confused with Arthropodium strictum, which is also called "chocolate lily" but which resembles the scent of chocolate rather than the color. It is an extraordinarily beautiful flower but infrequently available and not easy to grow. It is grown from a bulb that should be planted fairly deep, around 4 in. It needs fast drainage and requires a dry summer dormancy.

Fritillaria biflora var. biflora is one of two recognized varieties of this species in California. For further details please refer to the main species listing for Fritillaria biflora.

Fritillaria biflora var. ineziana (Hillsborough chocolate lily) is a species of fritillary endemic to San Mateo County, California. It grows on serpentinite in cismontane woodland and valley and foothill grassland at elevations that range from 295 to 525 feet (90 to 160 meters) It is typically found on serpentine soils and it is defined as a "broad endemic" (5. 4/6. 2 affinity) where 85-94% of occurrences are expected to occur on ultramafic soils. Fritillaria biflora var. ineziana is endemic to California and only known to occur in the Hillsborough area of San Mateo County in the San Francisco Bay Area. The California Natural Diversity Database only has two known locations of this species - one from the Montara Mountain/San Mateo 7. 5 minute USGS quadrangles and the other one from the San Mateo quadrangle. 

Fritillaria brandegeei (greenhorn fritillary) is a plant species endemic to California, known from only Kern and Tulare Counties. It grows in open forests at elevations of 1500-2100 m. Fritillaria brandegeei is a bulb-forming perennial up to 100 cm tall. Leaves are in 1-2 whorls of 4-8 leaves per node. Flowers are nodding, pinkish-purple.

Fritillaria eastwoodiae, also known as Butte County Fritillary or Eastwood's Fritillary is a rare member of the Lily family (Liliaceae), endemic to the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Mountains in California. It grows in dry open woodlands and chaparral from 500 to 1500 meters, in Shasta, Yuba, Tehama, Butte and El Dorado Counties. It occurs in similar habitat with F. affinis, F. micrantha, and F. recurva, and blooms from March through May. It can sometimes be found on serpentine soils. It grows to heights from 20 to 80 centimeters, and has linear to narrowly lance-shaped leaves arranged on its waxy pale stem. Its flowers are nodding with slightly flared and slightly recurved petals. Its color varies from greenish-yellow mottled to a mixture of red, orange, green and yellow mottling.

Fritillaria falcata is a species of fritillary known by the common name talus fritillary. This rare wildflower is endemic to the serpentine talus of the mountains in and around the San Francisco Bay Area in California. It grows a short stem about 10 to 20 centimeters tall surrounded by two to six flat, sickle-shaped leaves up to about 8 centimeters in length. The erect, star-shaped flower has six petals one to two centimeters long which are greenish outside and yellow mottled with purple-brown inside. This is sometimes considered a subspecies of Fritillaria atropurpurea.

Fritillaria glauca is a species of fritillary known by the common names Siskiyou fritillary and Siskiyou missionbells. It is native to northern California and southern Oregon, where it is found in the serpentine talus on the slopes of the local mountains. This uncommon wildflower grows a short stem reaching 5 to 20 centimeters tall and surrounded by two to four thick, sickle-shaped leaves. It is sometimes stunted-looking with a curled or warped stem; it often grows in exposed mountainous areas. The lily flower is nodding and has six thick petals one to two centimeters long. They are yellow to purple and densely mottled. The fruits are winged.

Fritillaria liliacea, commonly known as Fragrant Fritillary, is a threatened perennial herb in the Liliaceae family. The range of this wildflower is over parts of southwestern Northern California, USA, especially Solano and Sonoma Counties and at coastal locations south to Monterey County; occurrence is typically in open hilly grasslands at altitudes less than 200 meters in elevation. The bell-shaped white flowers have greenish stripes and are set on a nodding pedicel of about 37 centimeters in height. The blossoms are odorless to faintly fragrant. F. liliacea prefers heavy soils including clays; for example, andesitic and basaltic soils derived from the Sonoma Volcanic soil layers are suitable substrate for this species. This California endemic has been a candidate for listing as a U.S. Federally endangered species, and some of the remaining fragmented colonies are at risk of local extinction, such that the species is considered locally endangered. Example occurrences are: Edgewood Park in San Mateo County and the Sonoma Mountains foothills in Sonoma County. Examples of highly fragmented or extirpated colonies are in San Francisco due to urban development.

Fritillaria micrantha, known by the common names brown fritillary and brown bells, is a California species of fritillary in the lily family. This wildflower is native to the Sierra Nevada of California, where it is a common resident of dry mountain slopes and to the foothills west of the main range. There is also one report of the species in the Diablo Range in San Benito County.

Fritillaria ojaiensis is a rare species of fritillary known by the common name Ojai fritillary. This wildflower is endemic to central California, where it is known from very few occurrences in the central Coast Ranges. It produces an erect stem reaching maximum heights near half a meter. The long, straight, very narrow leaves grow in whorls on the lower stem and in pairs near the top. Flowers are produced at intervals. Each nodding flower has six petals one to three centimeters long and greenish yellow to purple in color with purple mottling. At the center is a large nectary surrounded by stamens with large yellow anthers. This plant is similar to Fritillaria affinis and is sometimes considered a rare subtaxon of that species.

Fritillaria pinetorum is an uncommon species of fritillary known by the common names pinewoods fritillary and Davidson's fritillary. It is endemic to California where it is found in shady mountain forests in the central and southern parts of the state. It grows an erect stem between 10 and 40 centimeters high with four to 20 leaves narrow, straight or curling leaves. The erect flower has six petals each one to two centimeters long and yellow-mottled purple in color. It is similar in appearance to Fritillaria atropurpurea.

Fritillaria pluriflora is a rare species of fritillary known by the common name adobe lily. This wildflower is mainly limited to northern California, but it may exist in southern Oregon. It grows in the adobe clay soils of the foothills and low mountains in the area. It produces an erect stem reaching heights between ten and fifty centimeters. It has up to ten thick, long, oval-shaped leaves with wavy margins, most of which are clustered at ground level. The nodding flower has bright pink petals each one to four centimeters long. At the center of the flower is a pinkish to yellowish nectary and bright yellow anthers.

Fritillaria pudica (Yellow Fritillary) is a small, charming plant of sagebrush country in the western U.S. It is a member of the Lily family, or Liliaceae. Another (somewhat ambiguous) name is "yellowbells", since it has a bell-shaped yellow flower. It may be found in dryish, loose soil; it is amongst the first plants to flower after the snow melts, but the flower does not last very long; as the petals age, they turn a brick-red colour and begin to curl outward. This lily produces a small bulb, which can be dug up and eaten fresh or cooked; it served Native Americans as a good source of food in times past, and is still eaten occasionally. The plant is called [skni] in Sahaptin.

Fritillaria purdyi is a rare species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common name Purdy's fritillary. It is native to the northwestern corner of California, where it grows in the serpentine soils of the coastal and inland mountains. It is probably also present in Oregon. This bulbous perennial herb produces an erect stem 10 to 40 centimeters tall surrounded by several oval leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The smooth stem is topped with a raceme flower cluster of one or more cup- or bell-shaped flowers. Each flower has 6 white petals heavily shaded with brownish-purple streaks or marks and pink tinting.

Fritillaria recurva, the Scarlet Fritillary, is a herb in the Liliaceae family. It is native to southwest Oregon from Douglas County south into California where it grows in the Klamath Mountains, Northern Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, and Sierra Nevada. It grows in dry, open woodlands and chaparral from 300 to 2200 meters, and it blooms in spring from February to July. Throughout its range it is distinguishable from other Fritillaria species by its scarlet red color, checkered with yellow on the inside, and recurved petals. Its leaves are arranged in whorls and are linear to narrowly lance-shaped. In southwest Oregon it is similar to the rare Fritillaria gentneri. The latter can be distinguished from F. recurva by its branching style and longer nectary glands. Additionally, it blooms about two weeks after Scarlet Fritillary and has a different reddish color.

Fritillaria striata, known by the common name striped adobe lily, is an uncommon species of fritillary. The plant is endemic to California, where it is known only from the southern Sierra Nevada foothills in Kern County and Tulare County, and east of the Tejon Hills in the Tehachapi Mountains foothills, on the Tejon Ranch in Kern County. It grows in adobe clay soils. Fritillaria striata produces an erect stem 25 to 40 centimeters tall and bearing pairs of long oval-shaped leaves 6 to 7 centimeters long. The nodding flower is a bell-shaped, fragrant bloom with six light pink tepals each striped with darker pink. The tips roll back. In the darker center of the flower is a greenish-yellow nectary surrounded by yellow anthers. The main threat to the plant is cattle grazing, wild pigs, and invasive species of grasses. Fritillaria striata is listed by the State of California as a Threatened species, and is on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California, listed as Seriously Endangered in California.

Fritillaria viridea is a rare species of flowering plant in the lily family known by the common name San Benito fritillary. It is endemic to the Central Coast Ranges of California, where it is an uncommon member of the chaparral and serpentine soils flora. There are confirmed records of this species from San Benito and Monterey Counties plus unconfirmed reports from Fresno and San Luis Obispo Counties. This bulbous perennial herb produces an erect stem 30 to 65 centimeters tall surrounded by several lance-shaped leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The smooth stem is topped with a raceme inflorescence of one or nodding bell-shaped flowers. Each flower has 6 tepals one to two centimeters long which are pale to very dark greenish. This bulbous perennial herb produces an erect stem 30 to 65 centimeters tall surrounded by several lance-shaped leaves up to 10 centimeters long. The smooth stem is topped with a raceme inflorescence of one or nodding bell-shaped flowers. Each flower has 6 tepals one to two centimeters long which are pale to very dark greenish.