Spergularia atrosperma is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name blackseed sandspurry. It is native to California and Nevada, where it grows in muddy and sandy habitat, often in moist alkaline substrates. It is a small annual herb producing a slender stem up to 15 centimeters long. It is lined with fleshy linear leaves. The inflorescence bears small flowers with five pointed sepals and five oval white or pink petals. The fruit is a capsule containing shiny, sometimes iridescent, black seeds.

Spergularia canadensis is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name Canadian sandspurry. It is native to North America where it is known from mainly coastal habitat along the coastline of Canada and northern parts of the United States, from Alaska to northern California on the west and as far south as New York in the east. It is a plant of wet, often saline substrates, such as beaches, salt marshes, and brackish estuaries. It is an annual herb producing a slender or thick stem up to 25 centimeters long. It is lined with fleshy linear leaves up to 4. 5 centimeters long. Flowers occur in an inflorescence at the end of the stem as well as in leaf axils. The small flowers have five pointed sepals and five oval white or pink petals. The fruit is a capsule containing shiny reddish brown seeds.

Spergularia macrotheca is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name sticky sandspurry. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Baja California, where it grows in many types of moist coastal and inland habitat, often in alkaline and saline substrates. It may be found in marshes, alkali flats, beaches, meadows, seeps, and vernal pools. It is a perennial herb producing a narrow stem up to 40 centimeters long with a woody, thickened base and taproot. They may grow erect or prostrate across the ground. It is covered in sticky glandular hairs, especially in the inflorescence. The stems are lined with fleshy linear leaves, sometimes tipped with spines. The leaves are accompanied by triangular stipules up to a centimeter long each. Flowers occur in clusters at the end of the stem as well as in leaf axils. The small flowers have five pointed sepals and five oval white to lavender-pink petals. The fruit is a capsule containing tiny reddish brown, winged seeds.

Sphaeromeria potentilloides is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names cinquefoil false sagebrush and fivefinger chickensage. It is native to the western United States, where it is known from the Great Basin and surrounding regions. It grows in moist areas, especially places with alkaline substrates such as hot springs and seeps. This perennial herb produces spreading stems from a woody caudex. The gray-green woolly leaves are divided into several lobes or leaflets which are subdivided into smaller lobes. The inflorescence is generally a cluster of a few flower heads lined with hairy phyllaries and containing yellow disc florets. There are no ray florets. The fruit is a tiny ribbed achene which swells up and becomes gluey in texture when it is moistened.

Sphenosciadium is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the carrot family containing the single species Sphenosciadium capitellatum, which is known by the common names woollyhead parsnip, ranger's buttons, button parsley, and swamp white heads. The plant is native to western North America from Idaho through Nevada, Oregon, and California into Baja California. It grows in moist habitat types, such as creeksides and meadows. It is included in Toxic Plants of North America (Burrows & Tyrl, 2001). Ranger's buttons plants are quite similar to the other large Umbelliferae that share similar habitats: Sierra angelica and cow parsnip, but each has a very differently shaped leaf, and the other two have umbellets with quite distinct flowers, in contrast to the tight balls on ranger's buttons.

Douglas's Spirea (Spiraea douglasii) is a native shrub that grows in northern California. It is moderately fast growing and long-lived. It grows in a semi-upright form to a height of 7 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are purple and striking, and bloom in the mid summer. Leaves are dark green and deciduous. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-6400 feet.

Spiranthes romanzoffiana, commonly known as Irish Lady's-tresses or hooded lady's tresses, is a species of orchid. Collected by Chamisso during the Romanzov expedition it was described by him in 1828 and named for Count Nikolay Rumyantsev who financed it. This orchid is native to North America, Ireland and the British Isles. (Codes)

Spirodela polyrhiza (orth. var. S. polyrrhiza) is a species of duckweed known by the common names common duckmeat, greater duckweed, common duckweed, and duckmeat. It can be found nearly worldwide in many types of freshwater habitat. It is a perennial aquatic plant usually growing in dense colonies, forming a mat on the water surface. Each plant is a smooth, round, flat disc one half to one centimeter wide. It produces several minute roots. It also produces a pouch containing male and female flowers. The top part dies in the fall and the plant often overwinters as a turion. Spirodela polyrhiza is an ideal system for biofuels, bioremediation and carbon cycling due to their aspects of fast-growing, direct contact with media and smallest genome size (~150 Mb). A comprehensive genomic study of Spirodela polyrhiza was published in February 2014. The results provide insights into how this organism is adapted to rapid growth and an aquatic lifestyle. Recorded, as Lemna polyrhiza L. , as mainly in the south and east of the British Isles. In Ireland it is found in counties Down, Antrim and Londonderry.

Stachys ajugoides is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name bugle hedgenettle. It is native to western North America, where it can be found in many types of habitat in Oregon, California, and Baja California, especially moist areas. It is an aromatic herb with serrate leaves. The inflorescence is a spike of interrupted clusters of flowers, often in shades of pink. Media related to Stachys ajugoides at Wikimedia Commons

White Hedge Nettle, Stachys albens, is a mint endemic to California. The plant is fuzzy all over, with opposite, triangular, serrate leaves, a square stem, and a fragrant minty smell if bruised. It produces a layered spike of many small white to cream colored flowers with purplish veins. Each flower has a 2-lipped and 5-lobed calyx which is densely cobwebby.

Stachys albens occurs between sea level (0 ft.) and 9000 ft. (2740 m) in nature. It is found in moist to wet riparian, bog, seep, and swamp habitats within the following plant communities: Central, Foothill, and Southern Oak Woodland; Chaparral and Coastal Sage Scrub;, Valley Grassland; Wetland-Riparian; Yellow Pine Forest; Red Fir Forest; Lodgepole Pine Forest; California Mixed Evergreen Forest; and Pinyon-Juniper Woodland (Mojave and Colorado Deserts).

White Hedge Nettle is very easy to grow in sun (coast-high elevations) to part sun (coast-inland) in regularly watered landscape areas. It is a winter deciduous/dormant perennial plant, and in dryer gardens it may go partially or fully summer dormant/deciduous also. It spreads by rhizomes to the edge of moisture, and in consistently moist garden conditions can become invasive. Stachys albens is a larval host for the Variable Checkerspot. Butterfly.

Stachys chamissonis is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name coastal hedgenettle. It is native to the west coast of North America, where it grows in moist coastal habitat from Alaska to central California. This mint produces an erect stem well over one meter in maximum height, and often over two meters. It is hairy, glandular, and aromatic. The oppositely arranged leaves have pointed, wavy-edged blades up to 18 centimeters long which are borne on petioles. The hairy, glandular inflorescence is made up of interrupted clusters of up to six flowers each. The flower has a deep pink tubular corolla which can be over 3 centimeters long. The corollas are borne in hairy calyces of purple or purple-tinged sepals.

Stachys palustris, commonly known as marsh woundwort, marsh hedgenettle, or hedge-nettle, is an edible perennial grassland herb growing to 80 centimeters tall. It is native to parts of Eurasia but has been introduced to North America. The marsh woundwort is native to Europe and Asia. Its typical habitat is near the shore of lakes, in marshes with alder trees, on the banks of ditches and streams, in damp meadows, in arable ground and in waste places. In arable land, it is a difficult weed to get rid of because of its persistent tubers. Marsh woundwort is a perennial plant growing from a horizontal tuberous runner. It has square stems with opposite pairs of leaves that are almost stalkless, linearly lanceolate, slightly cordate at the base and toothed. The calyx has five sharply-pointed lobes. The purplish-red flowers are in terminal spikes, with gaps in the lower part of the spike. They are arranged in whorls, each flower consisting of five fused petals, the corolla being two-lipped, the upper lip being gently hooded and the lower lip flat and three-lobed. The flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees. There are four stamens, two long and two short and the fruit is a dry four-chambered schizocarp. Distribution and habitat. The marsh woundwort is native to Europe and Asia. Its typical habitat is near the shore of lakes, in marshes with alder trees, on the banks of ditches and streams, in damp meadows, in arable ground and in waste places. In arable land, it is a difficult weed to get rid of because of its persistent tubers. Ecology. Although the marsh woundwort has little fragrance, it is very attractive to bumblebees. Nectar indicators guide the insect to probe into the centre of the flower and the anthers of the stamens and the pistils are correctly located for the insect to transfer pollen between flowers. The seeds of this plant disperse well, the dry fruit capsules float away and this probably why the plant is frequently found on the banks of lakes and other bodies of water. It also spreads vegetatively by means of hollow tuberous root which can throw up shoots far from the original plant. The marsh woundwort is native to Europe and Asia. Its typical habitat is near the shore of lakes, in marshes with alder trees, on the banks of ditches and streams, in damp meadows, in arable ground and in waste places. In arable land, it is a difficult weed to get rid of because of its persistent tubers.

Stachys pycnantha is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name shortspike hedgenettle. It is native to California, where it is known from many types of mountain and foothill habitat. This mint produces several stems usually exceeding 60 centimeters in height. It is hairy and glandular and very aromatic. The leaves have lance-shaped or oval blades borne on short petioles. The inflorescence is usually a single cluster or interrupted series of a few clusters of flowers, with up to 12 flowers per cluster. The tubular corolla is up to a centimeter long and white to pink in color. It is borne in a hairy calyx of sepals.

Rigid Hedge Nettle (Stachys ajugoides var. rigida) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in moist places, at elevations from 0-8000 feet.

Stellaria calycantha is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name northern starwort. It is native to western North America from Alaska and northwestern Canada to California and New Mexico, as well as eastern Russia. It occurs in subalpine and alpine climates, in many types of moist, shady habitat. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing a prostrate to erect stem up to 25 centimeters long, taking a clumpy form. The thin oval leaves have smooth edges and pointed tips, and measure up to 2. 5 centimeters in length. The inflorescence bears one or more flowers, each on a long pedicel. Each flower has five pointed green sepals, and some flowers have up to five deeply lobed white petals.

Stellaria crispa is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common names curled starwort and crisp starwort. It is native to western North America from Alaska south to California and Wyoming, where it grows in moist, shady habitat such as deep forests and streambanks. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing a mat of prostrate or trailing stems up to about 40 centimeters long. It is lined with opposite pairs of pointed oval leaves each 1 to 2 centimeters long. Single flowers occur in the leaf axils, each borne on a short pedicel. The flower has five pointed green sepals each a few millimeters long. Some flowers have one or more petals, but most lack these.

Stellaria longipes is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name longstalk starwort. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northernmost latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. It grows in a wide variety of habitat types, including tundra and taiga and many areas farther south with subalpine and alpine climates. It is extremely variable in morphology, its form depending on both genetic makeup and environmental conditions. It has a widely varying number of chromosomes. In general, it is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming mats or clumps, or growing erect. The stems may be short and simple or with sprawling and highly branched. The linear to lance-shaped leaves are usually 1 to 4 centimeters long and are oppositely arranged in pairs. The inflorescence bears one or more flowers, each on a short pedicel. The flower has five pointed green sepals each a few millimeters long. There are five white petals each divided into two lobes, sometimes shallowly, but often so deeply there appear to be two petals. The plant is gynodioecious, with some flowers having functional male and female reproductive parts and others being only female. There are two subtaxa. The rarer of the two, ssp. arenicola, is limited to the sand dunes adjacent to Lake Athabasca in central Canada.

Stellaria umbellata is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common names umbrella starwort and umbellate starwort. It is native to western North America from Alaska and northwestern Canada to the southwestern United States, as well as parts of Asia, including Siberia. It grows in subalpine and alpine climates in mountain forests and riverbanks. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing a slender prostrate stem up to about 20 centimeters long, sometimes forming clumps or mats. The stem is lined with pairs of oval leaves each up to about 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an umbel-shaped array of several flowers each on an arching or erect pedicels. The flower has five pointed green sepals each no more than 3 millimeters long. There are occasionally tiny white petals within the calyx of sepals, but these are generally absent.

Streptopus amplexifolius (twistedstalk, clasping twistedstalk,claspleaf twistedstalk, white twisted-stalk, or watermelon berry) is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae, native to North America, Europe and Asia. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 40-100 cm tall, with alternate, oblong-lanceolate leaves 5-14 cm long. The greenish-white flowers hang from axils on 1-2 cm thin kinked panicles, each flower with six white tepals, 9-15 mm long. The plants leaves completely encircle the stem, and the stems have a kink at each leaf axil giving the plants stem a "twisted" and wiry appearance. The plants grow in a creeping habit in moist, dense undergrowth. Streptopus amplexifolius is widely distributed across North America (Greenland, northern United States including Alaska; and most of Canada including Yukon and Northwest Territories). The plant is most often found near shaded stream banks and in moist thickets of the montane and subalpine zones across most of North America. It is also found in central and southern Europe (from Spain to Ukraine and as far north as Germany and Poland) and in eastern Asia (Japan, Korea, Myanmar (Burma) and eastern Russia (Yakutia, Amur, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, Khabarovsk, Primorye)).

Potamogeton pectinatus, called fennel pondweed (UK) or sago pondweed (US), is a cosmopolitan water plant species that grows in fresh and brackish water on all continents except Antarctica. It is fully submerged and does not have any floating or emerged leaves. The flowers are wind pollinated and the seeds float. Tubers that are rich in starch, are formed on the rhizomes. Dispersal can either be vegetative with tubers and plant fragments or sexual with seeds. The whole plant provide food for different species of waterbirds.

Stuckenia striata is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names broadleaf pondweed Nevada pondweed and striped pondweed. It is native to the Americas, including the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. It grows in waterways such as rivers, canals, and shallow ponds, often in alkaline water. This is a perennial herb producing a long, thin, branching stem approaching two meters in maximum length. The narrow, hairlike leaves are up to 10 centimeters long and only a few millimeters wide. The inflorescence is a spike of flowers arranged in whorls and borne on a short peduncle.

Atriplex phyllostegia is a species of saltbush known by the common names arrowscale, leafcover saltweed, and Truckee orach. It is native to the western United States from California to Utah, where it grows in meadow bottoms and areas with saline soils such as dry or ephemeral lakes. This is an annual herb with a mainly erect branching green stem growing up to 40 centimeters tall. The distinctive leaves are fleshy and diamond or arrowhead-shaped and 1 to 4 centimeters long. The plant is generally monoecious, although some individuals bear only female flowers. Male and female flowers appear in the leaf axils, and the male flowers are sometimes borne in spikelike flower clusters. The female flower clusters are enclosed in leafeoles which may be up to 2 centimeters long and resemble the leaves.

Suaeda calceoliformis is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by several common names, including Pursh seepweed and horned seablite. The plant is native to North America, where it can be found across most of the continent except for parts of the Southeastern United States. It is a halophyte, growing in areas of high soil salinity and alkalinity, such as playas, salt flats, beaches, marshes and other wetlands, and the edges of roads that are salted in the winter. Suaeda calceoliformis is an annual herb with waxy green to red or striped, bicolored stems growing up to 80 centimeters long. It may grow erect to prostrate in shape, the prostrate forms being more common in higher salinity substrates because they can retain more water. The fleshy, waxy leaves are up to 4 centimeters long, linear in shape, and lie nearly against the stem instead of spreading away from it. The inflorescence is an elongated cyme of flowers shaped like a branching spike. It is dense with many tight clusters of flowers with leaflike bracts growing between them. There are three to five flowers per cluster, each with a calyx of horned sepals and no petals. The fruit is an utricle that grows within the calyx.

Suaeda nigra (formerly Suaeda moquinii) is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common names Mojave seablite and bush seepweed. Suaeda nigra is native to much of western North America, from central Canada through the Western United States, Great Basin, the Mojave Desert in California, and into northern Mexico. It grows in many types of habitat with saline and alkaline substrates, such as desert flats, playas, and seeps. It is mostly an inland species but is occasionally seen in coastal areas, such as estuaries. Suaeda nigra is a shrub or subshrub growing from a woody base with many spreading branches, reaching up to 1. 5 metres (4. 9 ft) in height. The plants may grow as annuals at times. The species is genetically diverse and quite variable in appearance. It may be hairy to hairless but is usually waxy. It may be green to red to dark purple in color, sometimes almost black. The fleshy leaves are linear to lance-shaped, 1 to 3 centimeters long, and flat or cylindrical. Flowers occur in clusters along the upper stems, each cluster containing 1 to 12 flowers. Leaflike bracts accompany the clusters. The flower has no petals and is composed of a calyx of fleshy, rounded sepals. The fruit is an utricle that grows within the calyx.

Suaeda taxifolia is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common name woolly seablite. It is native to the coastline of southern California and Baja California, where it grows in saline habitat such as salt marshes, beaches, dunes, and scrub. It is quite variable in appearance. Suaeda taxifolia is a generally a shrub or subshrub spreading or growing erect to a maximum height near 1. 5 metres (4. 9 ft). It is hairless to densely hairy, and waxy in texture. It has woody lower stems and fleshy green to reddish upper stems. The succulent leaves are lance-shaped to nearly oval, measuring up to 3 centimeters in length. They vary in color from bluish to green to yellowish or reddish. There is usually a knobby bump at the base of each. Flowers occur in clusters along the stems, each cluster containing 1 to 3 flowers. Leaflike bracts accompany the clusters. The flower has no petals and is composed of a calyx of fleshy, rounded, hairy sepals. The fruit is an utricle that grows within the calyx.

Subularia aquatica is an aquatic plant in the mustard family which is known by the common name water awlwort. This is a small herb with awl-like leaves (generally cylindrical but tapering to a sharp point), and growing from a corm above a network of bright white roots. Tiny flowers, each only about a millimeter long, are borne on stalks. Flowers which rise above the surface of the water open, while those that remain submersed stay closed and self-pollinate. The seeds come inside tiny inflated pods. There are two varieties of water awlwort; S. a. var. aquatica is native to Eurasia and S. a. var. americana is native to northern North America. There may also be a Mexican subspecies. This plant grows in ponds, marshes, peat bogs, and other shallow, cold water bodies, often in gravel or sand. NativeNativePalearctic: Siberia: West SiberiaSoviet Far East: Kamchatka OblastNorthern Europe: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Kaliningrad, Norway, Sweden, United KingdomMiddle Europe: Belgium, GermanyEast Europe: Belarus, Central Russia, Central Black Earth, Northern Russia, North Caucasus, Northwestern Russia, Volga, Urals, Volga-VyatkaSoutheastern Europe: BulgariaSouthwestern Europe: France, SpainNearctic: Subarctic America: Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory, Greenland, AlaskaEastern Canada: Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, QuebecWestern Canada: British Columbia, Manitoba, SaskatchewanNortheastern United States: Maine, New Hampshire, New York, VermontNorth-Central United States: MinnesotaNorthwestern United States: Idaho, Montana, Washington, WyomingSouthwestern United States: California, Utah

Swertia perennis is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common names felwort and star swertia. It is native to several regions of the northern hemisphere, including much of Eurasia and western North America. It is a plant of wetlands, particularly calcareous fens. It is common to abundant in many areas, but it is known to be negatively impacted by habitat fragmentation and other habitat destruction, and human activity has led to its extirpation from some areas where it was once common. It is a perennial herb producing usually one erect stem growing 10 to 50 centimeters tall. The basal leaves are spoon-shaped with rounded tips, and leaves higher on the plant are widely lance-shaped or somewhat oval, with pointed tips. The inflorescence is an open panicle of flowers atop the stem. Each flower has a calyx of four or five pointed sepals and a corolla of four or five pointed lobes each up to 1. 3 centimeters long. The corolla is dull blue to violet in color with darker purplish veining or stippling. There are two rounded nectary pits at the base of each lobe of the corolla. Stamens tipped with large anthers surround a central ovary.

Eaton's Aster (Aster eatonii) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 1600-6600 feet.

The cheerful California Aster (Symphyotrichum chilense) is a member of the Sunflower family that's native to coastal California. This perennial blooms from summer to fall, making it a good garden companion for other plants that have a spring blooming season. Its petite flowers bloom in subtle shades of blue and lavender. Butterflies and moths are attracted to the nectar. California Aster is a host plant for several species of both insects. Birds eat the seeds after blooming.

California Aster likes loamy clay soil and full or partial sun exposure. It does well in moist soil,but is also drought-adapted and can tolerate receiving little to no supplemental summer water. Cut this plant back to the ground in late fall or early winter. Deadheading produces more flowers, but in wildlife gardens it is often left to go to seed. New growth appears in late winter. It spreads easily by rhizomes; the low-growing 'Point Saint George' cultivar is often used as a groundcover plant.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Parry's Leafy Aster (Aster foliaceus var. apricus) is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 4600-10500 feet.

Symphyotrichum frondosum (formerly Aster frondosus) is a species of aster known by the common name short-rayed alkali aster. It is native to much of western North America from British Columbia and the Cascade Range, the Sierra Nevada, Transverse, and Peninsular Ranges in California, the Rocky Mountains, to Arizona and New Mexico, where it grows in wet habitat such as marshes and meadows, especially in alkaline or saline conditions. Symphyotrichum frondosum is an annual or occasionally perennial herb growing a leaning or erect stem to a maximum height between 20 and 60 centimeters. The leaves are a few centimeters long and oval in shape with rounded tips. The stem and leaves are mostly hairless. The inflorescence is a small array of flower heads containing many short pale pink or lavender ray florets and yellow disc florets. The fruit is a hairy achene with a bushy tawny pappus.

Western Mountain Aster (Symphyotrichum spathulatum var. spathulatum) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California.

Taraxia subacaulis is a species of evening primrose known by the common name diffuseflower evening primrose. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in several habitat types, especially in mountainous areas. It is a fleshy perennial herb growing from a taproot and usually lacking a stem. The leaves are lance-shaped to oval and up to 22 centimeters long and are borne on long petioles. The flower has yellow petals, each up to 1. 5 centimeters long, and a large, bulbous stigma tip. The fruit is a leathery capsule 1 to 3 centimeters long.

Teucrium cubense is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names small coastal germander and dwarf germander. It is native to a section of the Americas that includes the southwestern - south-central United States (California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Alabama), parts of the Caribbean, Mexico, Costa Rica, and southern South America (Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil). In general, the plant has lobed leaves and a flower corolla with a broad lower lobe and smaller lateral lobes. The flower may be white or blue-tinged with purple speckles. This plant may have antidiabetic effects.

Thalictrum occidentale is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common name western meadow-rue. It is native to northwestern North America from Alaska and western Canada to northern California to Wyoming and Colorado, where it grows in shady habitat types such as forest understory and more open, moist habitat such as meadows. Thalictrum occidentale is a perennial herb growing erect to a maximum height around a meter. It is hairless to lightly hairy and glandular. The leaves have compound blades divided into a few or many segments, often with three lobes, and are borne on long, slender petioles. The inflorescence is an upright or arching panicle of flowers with leaflike, lobed bracts often growing at the base. The species is dioecious, with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. The male flower has a bell-shaped calyx of four sepals in shades of greenish white or purple. From the calyx dangle many long, purple stamens tipped with large anthers. The female flower has a cluster of immature fruits tipped with styles in shades of purple. A cluster has 4 to 9, at times up to 14, fruits.

Thalictrum sparsiflorum is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common name fewflower meadow-rue. It is native to northwestern North America and parts of northeastern Asia. It grows in moist habitat, such as streambanks and forest understory. It is a perennial herb producing erect stems up to about a meter in maximum height. The leaves have compound blades divided into a few or many segments which are borne on long, slender petioles. The blades are usually finely hairy and glandular. The inflorescence is a leafy panicle of flowers. Unlike some other Thalictrum species which are dioecious, this species has bisexual flowers. Each has a calyx of five greenish sepals, and up to 20 light-colored dangling stamens tipped with large anthers. The flowers develop into compressed, beaked fruits.

Thelypodium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names entireleaved thelypody and foxtail thelypodium. It is native to much of the western United States, including the Great Basin and surrounding plateaus and deserts. It occurs in several types of habitat, often growing in sandy, mineral-rich, and alkaline soils, such as those on playas. Thelypodium integrifolium is a biennial herb producing a hairless, waxy stem with a thick, sturdy base, unbranched or branching toward the top and sometimes becoming quite tall, approaching three meters in maximum height. The thick, waxy leaves are not compound or lobed, having smooth edges. The largest basal leaves may exceed 30 centimeters in length. Leaves higher on the plant are shorter and are smooth-edged or toothed. The inflorescence is a dense, cylindrical, spikelike raceme of white or purplish flowers. The fruit is a silique which may be 8 centimeters long. Subspecies. There are five subspecies:T. i. ssp. affine - white petals - Mojave Desert (California), Great Basin. T. i. ssp. complanatum - mainly limited to the Great Basin; generally with lavender petals. T. i. ssp. gracilipes - native to the Four Corners regionT. i. ssp. integrifolium - widespread in the northern distribution of the speciesT. i. ssp. longicarpum - endemic to Arizona, where it is known only from the Grand Canyon and vicinity

Thelypteris puberula is a species of fern known by the common name showy maiden fern. The variety Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis is known by the common name Sonoran maiden fern. It is native to southwestern North America and Central America, from the foothills and deserts of California and Arizona south through Mexico to Costa Rica. It grows in canyons, streambanks, and seeps in several types of habitat. It is found at 160-1,800 ft (50-550 meters) in elevation.

Thelypteris puberula produces a number of regularly shaped, equally spaced green leaves with many long, flat, lance-shaped leaflets. One leaf may exceed 4.75 feet (1.5 meters) in length, and the thick leaflets may be over 8 inches (20 centimeters) long. The undersides of the leaflets are hairy, especially on the indusia covering the spore-bearing sori.

Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis, the Sonoran Maiden Fern, is native to Southern California, Arizona, and the states of Baja California and Sonora in northwestern Mexico. It is found in riparian, meadow, and seep habitats.

This rhizomatous fern grows up to 3ft. by 3ft. with light green long and lacy fronds. It is good for moist shaded areas and large containers. It can be evergreen with regular water.

Western red cedar (Thuja plicata), also Western redcedar, is a species of Thuja, an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae. In the American horticultural trade, it is also known as the Giant Arborvitae, Arborvitae being another name for its genus. Western red cedar is the Provincial tree of British Columbia, and has extensive applications for the indigenous First Nations of the Pacific Northwest. The western red cedar is not actually a cedar (Cedrus), but belongs in the Cupressaceae family, along with cypresses. It is known by many names, Pacific red cedar, British Columbia cedar, canoe cedar, giant cedar, or just red cedar. Plicata, the species name, derives from a Greek word meaning "folded in plaits", a references to the pattern of its small leaves. It is one of two arborvitaes (Thuja) native to North America. Arborvitae comes from the Latin for "tree of life". Coincidentally, native Americans of the West coast also address the cedar as "long life maker".

Western red cedar is valued for many industrial uses, including roof shingles, construction and cedar chests. It is allergenic, can cause asthma, and construction workers are advised to limit exposure.

Left to itself, it will grow above 200 '. It can be pruned and trained to become a thick 6' tall hedge.

Tiarella trifoliata, commonly called threeleaf foamflower, laceflower, or sugar-scoop, is a dicot in the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to the low to moderate elevation moist forests of western North America, from northern California to Montana and western Canada. Tiarella trifoliata is a perennial herb that grows in the late spring. The flowers are bell-shaped, white, solitary from an elongate, leafless panicle. The calyx lobes are 1. 5-2. 5 mm and petals are 3-4 mm. Basal leaves are 15-80 mm long and up to 120 mm wide, trifoliate or palmately 3- to 5-lobed. Cauline leaves are infrequent and much smaller. Varieties: There are three varieties of T. trifoliata:T. trifoliata var. trifoliata, which has leaves that are irregularly lobed, with coarse teeth. T. trifoliata var. unifoliata, which has simple leaves. T. trifoliata var. laciniata, which is confined in its range from Washington only as far north as Vancouver Island, and has deeply lobed leaves.

The plant Tolmiea menziesii is the only member of the monotypic genus Tolmiea. It is known by the common names youth on age, thousand mothers, and piggyback plant. It is a perennial plant commonly kept as an ornamental. It is native to the west coast of North America, especially in regions dominated by s. It requires moisture and does not tolerate much sun or dry conditions. The plant is most interesting for its reproductive habits. It grows plantlets from the petiole near the base of each leaf. The plantlets drop off, fall in the soil, and take root there. It will also reproduce by rhizome and by seed propagation. It bears small flowers of various colors, usually brownish-purple to white depending on the cultivar. It has hairy, toothed leaves and a capsule fruit containing spiny seed.

Grows best in loamy, medium draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden by stephen Taffler.