Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria

View additional distribution information on the Jepson eflora

Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), also known as Christmas Berry, is an evergreen shrub in the Rose family (Rosaceae). In the summer it produces bunches of fragrant white flowers. In the winter it develops vibrant clusters of scarlet berries. The flowers attract butterflies and other pollinators. The berries are eaten by many birds, including Mockingbirds, American Robins, and Cedar Waxwings. Mammals including coyotes and bears also eat and disperse the berries. For humans, the berries are edible after cooking, or drying and crushing, in order to break down the small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides. Indigenous People use the berries to make cider, and a granular sugar. 

Toyon is a prominent component of the Coastal Sage Scrub plant community, and is a part of drought-adapted Chaparral, Mixed Evergreen Forest and Oak Woodland habitats. Toyon are beautiful plants and easy to grow. If properly situated, they can grow very quickly, up to 10 feet in three years. They like sun or part shade, though they tend to do better in part shade in the southern, drier part of their geographic range. They can handle a wide variety of soils, including clay, sand and serpentine. They are an excellent hedge plant.

Plant type

Shrub

Size

6 - 30 ft Tall
10 - 15 ft Wide

Form

Rounded

Growth rate

Fast, Moderate

Dormancy

Evergreen

Fragrance

Slight

Calscape icon
Color

White

Flowering season

Summer

Special uses

Bank stabilization, Hedge

Sun

Full Sun, Partial Shade

Water

Very Low, Low

Summer irrigation

Max 2x / month once established, Never irrigate once established

Ease of care

Easy

Cold tolerance

Tolerates cold to -5° F

Soil drainage

Fast, Medium, Slow

Soil description

Tolerant of a variety of soils. Tolerates serpentine soil..
Soil PH: 5.0 - 8.0

Maintenance

If it becomes leggy, you can cut it to the ground and it will regrow from the base.

Propagation

For propagating by seed: Fresh seeds need no treatment; stored seed 3 mos. stratification.

Sunset Zones

5, 7*, 8, 9, 14*, 15*, 16*, 17*, 18*, 19*, 20*, 21*, 22*, 23*, 24*

Site type

Toyon is a common plant in chaparral and is found along creeksides, bottoms of slopes, north-facing slopes, and canyons.

Plant communities

Chaparral

Bats
Caterpillars
Butterflies

Butterflies and moths supported

4 confirmed and 4 likely

Confirmed Likely

Destructive Pruneworm Moth

Acrobasis tricolorella

Pacific Azure

Celastrina echo

Holcocera iceryaeella