Paeonia brownii (Brown's Peony or Native Peony), is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Paeoniaceae, native to the western United States, growing in dry sagebrush and Ponderosa Pine country. Excepting Paeonia californica, which is sometimes considered a subspecies, this is the only Paeonia native to north America. Found throughout the northwestern United States, P. californica grows in southern California, and subspecies brownii is native to Wyoming and Utah. Neither subspecies is typically grown in gardens. It is 24-50 centimeter tall with flowers of a dark maroon opening to 2-3 centimeter. Flowering occurs in April to June followed by a long dormancy. The species grows at high elevations and experiences long, cold winters with little or no snow and a short growing season, while subsp. californica is less cold hardy, and is a near-desert succulent, going a year or more without rain.