Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria

View additional distribution information on the Jepson eflora

The Coulter Pine or Big-cone Pine (Pinus coulteri) is a native of the coastal mountains of southern California (United States) and northern Baja California (Mexico). Isolated groves are found as far north as the San Francisco Bay Area in Mt. Diablo State Park and Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve. The species is named after Thomas Coulter, an Irish botanist and physician. The size ranges from 10-24 meter (30-80 feet) tall, and a trunk diameter up to 1 meter (3 feet). The trunk is vertical and branches horizontal to upcurved. The leaves are needle-like, in bundles of three, waxy pale gray-green, 15-30 centimeter (6-12 inches) long and stout, 2 millimeter (0.01 inch) thick. The outstanding characteristic of this tree is the large, spiny cones which are 20-40 centimeter (8-16 inches) long, and weigh 2-5 kg (4-10 lbs) when fresh. Coulter Pines produce the largest cones of any pine tree species (people are actually advised to wear hardhats when working in Coulter Pine groves), although the slender cones of the sugar pine are longer. The large size of the cones has earned them the nickname "widowmakers" among locals. The wood is weak and soft, so that the species is little used other than for firewood. It is also occasionally planted as an ornamental tree in parks and large gardens.

Plant type

Tree

Size

20 - 138 ft Tall

Form

Pyramidal

Growth rate

Slow

Calscape icon
Color

Yellow

Flowering season

Spring

Special uses

Bank stabilization

Sun

Full Sun, Partial Shade

Water

Low, Moderate

Soil drainage

Fast, Medium

Soil description

Dry rocky soils.

Sunset Zones

2*, 3*, 4*, 5, 6*, 7*, 8, 9, 10, 14*, 15*, 16*, 17*, 18*, 19*, 20*, 21*, 22*, 23*, 24

Plant communities

Foothill Woodland, Yellow Pine Forest

Bats
Birds
Caterpillars
Butterflies

Butterflies and moths supported

1 confirmed and 78 likely

Confirmed Likely

Common Gray

Anavitrinella pampinaria

Polyphemus moth

Antheraea polyphemus

Monterey Pine Needle Miner

Argyresthia pilatella