Hardstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus), known as tule in California, is a tall, perennial sedge native to freshwater marshes across North America. It belongs to the Cyperaceae family and thrives in wetland environments, forming dense stands along shorelines. The plant has thick, rounded green stems with long, grass-like leaves that grow in clusters. These dense stands create a natural buffer against wind and water forces, reducing shoreline erosion and helping to stabilize wetland ecosystems.

Hardstem bulrush provides essential habitat for a variety of wildlife. Red-winged blackbirds commonly nest among the stalks, while reptiles and amphibians find shelter within the dense vegetation. Fish use the submerged stems and root systems as nursery areas, benefiting from the protection provided by the plant’s structure. Additionally, Hardstem Bulrush contributes to water filtration by working with symbiotic microbes to sequester excess nutrients, improving water quality in wetland areas.

For Indigenous peoples, tule has been a valuable resource for thousands of years. The plant is traditionally harvested to make sleeping mats, baskets, cordage, and even canoes. It is also used to construct walls for homes and serves as a food source. These cultural practices highlight the ecological and practical significance of this native wetland plant.