Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria

View additional distribution information on the Jepson eflora

Pinus contorta is a common tree in western North America with the bulk of its population to the north and east of California. Within California it is found primarily in the Sierras, with scattered populations in other mountains. There are three recognized subspecies which can vary greatly in appearance. In the Sierras ssp. Murrayana can be very tall with a straight trunk, consistent with the common name Lodgepole Pine. It is found at elevations from 1,500 ft. to 12,000 ft. Near the coast ssp. contorta can be shrub height with twisted trunk and branches and known as Beach Pine. It is found from sea level to about 2,000 ft. Ssp. bolanderi is a rare species from the coast of Mendocino County northward to Oregon.

Pinus contorta is a moderately important timber wood but not often used in landscaping. The needles are held in bundles of two. The cones of may be of either the closed or open type and remain on the tree for many years. The bark is relatively thin and susceptible to fire.

Plant type

Tree

Size

30 - 112 ft Tall
40 ft Wide

Form

Upright

Growth rate

Fast

Dormancy

Evergreen

Fragrance

Pleasant

Calscape icon
Color

Yellow

Flowering season

Summer

Special uses

Bank stabilization, Hedge

Sun

Full Sun, Partial Shade

Water

Moderate

Summer irrigation

Max 3x / month once established

Ease of care

Easy

Cold tolerance

Tolerates cold to -20° F

Soil drainage

Fast, Medium, Slow

Soil description

Tolerates a wide variety of soils.
Soil PH: 5.0 - 7.0

Maintenance

Prune in winter when wood boring insects are less active.

Propagation

For propagating by seed: Fresh seeds need no treatment; stored seeds 1 mo. stratification ( USDA Forest Service 1974 ).

Site type

Settings range from the low elevation, wind-swept north coast to the high elevation forests of the Sierras.

Plant communities

Closed-cone Pine Forest, Coastal Strand, Wetland-Riparian

In the wild Pinus contorta is found with Serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), Manzanita (Arctostaphylos Klamathensis or nevadensis), Ceanothus cordulatus or velutinus, Bush Chinquapin (Chrysolepis sempervirens), Ocean Spray (Holodiscus discolor), Juniperus spp., Honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), Currant/Gooseberry (Ribes spp.), and Huckleberry (Vaccinum spp.)

Caterpillars
Butterflies

Butterflies and moths supported

38 confirmed and 66 likely

Confirmed Likely

Western Pine Elfin

Callophrys eryphon

Pale Beauty

Campaea perlata

Red Girdle Moth

Caripeta aequaliaria

Chionodes abella