Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria

View additional distribution information on the Jepson eflora

White alder (Alnus rhombifolia) is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the birch family (Betulaceae), native to western North America at elevations of 300–7,900 feet. It thrives in moist soils, often found along streambanks and other wet areas.

This tree provides excellent shade, with dark green leaves in summer that drop in winter. In early spring, before the leaves emerge, white alder produces noticeable male catkins, which hang in clusters and release large amounts of pollen. The female catkins mature in autumn, resembling small cones that may persist on the tree for up to a year.

White alder is heat and wind tolerant but requires deep watering to establish. Its roots can be invasive, so it should be planted with caution, especially near structures or small residential gardens. However, it is an excellent choice for woodland plantings and riparian areas.

This tree has high wildlife value. It serves as a larval food plant for the Western Tiger Swallowtail butterfly and provides habitat and food for various bird species.

Plant type

Tree

Size

49 - 82 ft Tall
35 ft Wide

Form

Upright, Rounded, Upright Columnar

Growth rate

Fast

Dormancy

Winter Deciduous

Fragrance

Pleasant

Calscape icon
Color

Green, Cream

Flowering season

Summer, Fall

Sun

Full Sun, Partial Shade

Water

High

Summer irrigation

Keep moist

Soil drainage

Fast, Medium, Slow

Soil description

Tolerant of sand and clay.
Soil PH: 4.0 - 8.0

Sunset Zones

1*, 2*, 3*, 4, 5, 6, 7*, 8, 9*, 10, 14*, 15*, 16*, 17*, 18*, 19, 22*, 23*, 24*

Site type

Usually found in wetland such as permanent stream edges, often adjacent to other vegetation such as chaparral, redwood forest, pine forest, and foothill woodland

Plant communities

Chaparral, Foothill Woodland, Forest, Yellow Pine Forest, Wetland-Riparian

Wetland-riparian trees and plants including Maples (Acer spp.), Dogwood (Cornus spp.), Ash (Fraxinus spp.), Walnut (Juglans spp.), Western Sycamore (Platanus racemosa), Cottonwood (Populus spp.), Willow (Salix spp.), Spicebush (Calycanthus occidentalis), Wild Honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), Wild Azalea (Rhododendron spp.), Wild Currant (Ribes spp.), Wild Rose (Rosa spp.), and Wild Grape (Vitis spp.).

Bats
Birds
Caterpillars
Butterflies

Butterflies and moths supported

2 confirmed and 134 likely

Confirmed Likely

Large Red-belted Clearwing Moth

Synanthedon culiciformis

Acerra normalis

Acleris senescens