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Tecate Cypress (Herpericyparis forbesii) is a species of cypress native to Southern California and Mexico. This is a relict species from a time when southern California's climate was cooler and wetter. It survives in a few, isolated locations in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Diego Counties, as well as northern Baja. It depends on intermittent fire for reproduction, but too frequent fires kill seedlings and threaten the survival of the species.
The foliage is bright green with reddish bark. Young trees are pyramidal in shape, becoming more rounded or contorted with age. It is very drought adapted; excessive supplemental water will make it floppy. In recent years, Tecate Cypress has become a fairly popular small tree for Southern California gardens. It makes a great specimen tree for larger landscapes, remaining tight and symmetrical.
The northernmost stand, comprising a very large area on the upper limits of Coal Canyon and Sierra Peak in Orange County, California, burned in a 2006 wildfire. Very few mature trees survived, but hundreds, if not thousands, of new plants are appearing as regeneration. Another devastating wildfire before seedlings are able to reach cone-producing age (which can be quite old for this species), could easily extirpate this stand.
Some refer to Tecate Cypress as a variety of Guadalupe Cypress (Cupressus guadalupensis), which occurs on Guadalupe Island, though that island is well over 250 miles from any Tecate Cypress stand. Aside from the ease of surmising that Tecate Cypress is genetically different from Guadalupe Cypress due to the two species being separated by ocean waters, molecular testing has shown the latter to be slightly more closely related to Cuyamaca Cypress (Hesperocyparis stephensonii).
Moreover, Guadalupe Cypress, when mature, makes a much taller and more massive tree than Tecate Cypress. Tecate Cypress has very green foliage, while Guadalupe Cypress has waxy pale, somewhat blueish tinted foliage. Finally, though cones of Tecate Cypress will not open without heat (unlike any other California native Cypress), those of Guadalupe Cypress will open without fire.
Tree
33 ft Tall
25 ft Wide
Upright
Fast, Moderate
Evergreen
Bank stabilization, Hedge
Full Sun
Low, Very Low
Max 1x / month once established
Easy
Tolerates cold to -10° F
Fast, Medium, Slow
Typically metavolcanic soils but also tolerates clay and sand.
Soil PH: 5.0 - 8.0
Tecate Cypress has serotinous cones, meaning they open after heating from fire. Collect cones by cutting them from the limbs and open cones by boiling them for 30-60 seconds to release seeds. Cool-moist stratify the seeds for 30 days at 34 degrees. Seeds will germinate at 72 degrees after stratification; viability, however, may be low.
Scattered mountain sites in the Peninsular Range
Chaparral, Closed-cone Pine Forest
In the garden, it can be used with chaparral plants that like relatively dry conditions such as Red Shanks (Adenostoma sparsifolium), Ceanothus spp., Flannelbush (Fremontodendron californicum or mexicanum), Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides), Small-leaf Rose (Rosa minutifolia), and Chaparral Yucca (Hesperoyucca whipplei).