Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria

View additional distribution information on the Jepson eflora

Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is a fast-growing native shade tree found in alluvial bottomlands and along streamsides at elevations from 0 to 6,500 feet. It thrives in moist soils with plenty of sunlight and is known for its striking, heart-shaped leaves that shimmer in the wind.

This tree is tough and easy to grow, reaching up to 100 feet tall and 35 feet wide when well-watered. It can grow 10–20 feet in a single year, making it ideal for large spaces but unsuitable for small gardens. Due to its invasive roots, it should not be planted near lawns or structures.

Often, only male trees are sold to avoid the "cotton" produced by female trees. Fremont cottonwood is ecologically important, providing habitat and food for birds and butterflies.

Plant type

Tree

Size

39 - 115 ft Tall
35 ft Wide

Form

Upright Columnar

Growth rate

Fast

Dormancy

Winter Deciduous

Fragrance

None

Calscape icon
Color

Cream, White

Flowering season

Spring, Winter

Sun

Full Sun

Water

Moderate, High

Summer irrigation

Keep moist

Ease of care

Easy

Cold tolerance

Tolerates cold to 5° F

Soil drainage

Fast, Medium, Slow

Soil description

Accepts either sandy or clay soil as long as there is sufficient water. Tolerates saline soil..
Soil PH: 6.0 - 8.0

Propagation

Easily propagated from stem cuttings. For propagating by seed: No treatment. Use fresh seeds, usually viable only a few days. Seeds should not be covered or pressed into medium; seedbed should be kept saturated for first month.

Site type

Almost always found in riparian or other wetland habitats such as alluvial bottom lands, streamsides, and seeps throughout the state, up to 6500 feet. Usually grows adjacent to chaparral, valley grassland, or any of several types of woodland vegetation communities. In desert riparian areas, it occurs adjacent to creosote bush scrub or desert transition chaparral.

Plant communities

Chaparral, Creosote Bush Scrub, Foothill Woodland

Bats
Birds
Caterpillars
Butterflies

Butterflies and moths supported

5 confirmed and 134 likely

Confirmed Likely

Gelechia versutella

Viceroy

Limenitis archippus

Western Tent Caterpillar

Malacosoma californica

Western Poplar Sphinx Moth

Pachysphinx occidentalis