Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria

View additional distribution information on the Jepson eflora

Red willow (Salix laevigata) is a fast-growing native tree commonly found along creeks and wetlands throughout California, from sea level to 5,000 feet. It thrives in consistently moist areas and is often used for erosion control, restoration projects, and bioswales.

This mostly deciduous tree has flexible reddish twigs, shiny green leaves with pale undersides, and yellow catkins in spring. Female trees produce cottony seeds that are dispersed by wind. Its variable form includes multiple twisting trunks that often sprawl along creek beds before growing upright.

Red willow is an important habitat tree, providing food for butterflies like the Western tiger swallowtail, mourning cloak, Lorquin’s admiral, and hairstreaks. While not typically used in residential gardens, it is an excellent choice for wetland landscapes

Plant type

Tree

Size

30 - 50 ft Tall
30 - 50 ft Wide

Form

Rounded, Spreading

Growth rate

Fast

Dormancy

Winter Deciduous, Winter Semi-deciduous

Fragrance

Slight

Calscape icon
Color

Red, Yellow, Cream

Flowering season

Spring, Winter

Sun

Full Sun, Partial Shade

Water

High

Summer irrigation

Max 1x / week once established

Ease of care

Easy

Cold tolerance

Tolerates cold to -20 - 10° F

Soil drainage

Fast, Medium, Slow, Standing

Soil description

Heavy, moist soils.
Soil PH: 6 - 8

Maintenance

Tolerates heavy pruning. Can often be cut back to the ground and will quickly resprout.

Propagation

For propagating by seed: No treatment. Use fresh seeds (usually only viable a few days). Seeds should not be covered or pressed into a medium. Seedbed should be kept saturated for the first month. Easily propagated from cuttings.

Site type

Creeks or damp areas

Plant communities

Chaparral, Foothill Woodland, Valley Grassland, Yellow Pine Forest, Wetland-Riparian

Bats
Birds
Bees
Caterpillars
Butterflies

Butterflies and moths supported

2 confirmed and 216 likely

Confirmed Likely

Sallow Button

Acleris hastiana

Mourning Cloak

Nymphalis antiopa

Luteus Dart Moth

Abagrotis trigona

Acerra normalis