Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria

View additional distribution information on the Jepson eflora

Box elder (Acer negundo), sometimes called boxelder, is a type of maple tree commonly found growing in moist areas near streams and rivers. Box elder is a deciduous tree with pinnate compound leaves (small leaflets that branch out of a single stem). The leaves turn yellow in the fall. Clusters of small flowers appear in spring. The flowers on female trees develop winged fruits called samaras. The flowers attract pollinators and the seeds provide food for birds and small mammals.


Box elder is an attractive tree that provides shade and visual interest in the landscape. Some gardeners prefer male box elders because they are less messy than female trees. Gardeners should also be aware that this tree sends out suckers which can become weedy and invasive. This fast-growing tree needs a large planting area as it can reach over 50 ft tall - and nearly as wide - when mature. It also requires a moderate to high level of moisture, including weekly supplemental irrigation in summer.


Box elder gets its name from its wood, which is used to make boxes and crates. The wood pulp is used in paper making. Like other maples, the tree's sweet sap can be cooked into a syrup.

Plant type

Tree

Size

35 - 66 ft Tall
40 ft Wide

Form

Upright

Growth rate

Fast

Dormancy

Winter Deciduous

Calscape icon
Color

White, Cream

Flowering season

Spring, Winter

Special uses

Deer resistant

Sun

Partial Shade, Full Sun

Water

Moderate

Summer irrigation

Max 1x / week once established

Ease of care

Moderate

Cold tolerance

Tolerates cold to -15° F

Soil drainage

Medium, Slow

Soil description

Tolerates a variety of soils as long as adequate moisture is present.
Soil PH: 5.0 - 8.0

Propagation

For propagating by seed: Scarification and 2-3 mos. stratification; use fresh seeds.

Sunset Zones

1, 2, 3, 4*, 5*, 6*, 7*, 8*, 9*, 14*, 15*, 16*, 17*, 18*, 19*, 20*, 21*, 22*, 23*, 24*

Site type

River/stream edges and wet places in coastal mountains and the central valley, usually as part of a woodland or forest complex

Plant communities

Chaparral, Foothill Woodland, Valley Grassland, Yellow Pine Forest, Wetland-Riparian

Use with other riparian trees such as Maples (other Acer spp.), Alders (Alnus spp.), Dogwoods (Cornus spp.), Ash (Fraxinus latifolia or velutina), Northern Black Walnut (Juglans hindsii), Cottonwood (Populus spp.), Sycamore (Platanus racemosa), Willows (Salix spp.), Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), and Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)

Bats
Birds
Caterpillars
Butterflies

Butterflies and moths supported

24 confirmed and 63 likely

Confirmed Likely

Climbing Cutworm

Abagrotis orbis

Fall Cankerworm Moth

Alsophila pometaria

Pale-headed Aspen Leafroller Moth

Anacampsis niveopulvella

Common Gray

Anavitrinella pampinaria