Thelypodium howellii, the Howell's thelypody or Howell's thelypodium, is a rare plant of the Western United States. It is endemic to a relatively small area on the borders of three western States: Oregon, Nevada, and California. The Thelypodium howellii plant is biennial. It is often somewhat hairy, especially near the base, but may be hairless and waxy in texture. It produces a slender, branching, erect stem up to 70 centimeters tall. The leaves are mostly located in a rosette around the base. Leaves located higher on the stem may have clasping bases. The inflorescence is a raceme of widely spaced flowers with greenish white or purplish sepals and pale blue or purple, spoon-shaped petals. The fruit is a silique up to 4. 5 centimeters long containing plump brown seeds. Subspecies. Thelypodium howellii subsp. howellii Thelypodium howellii subsp. spectabalis - Howell's spectacular thelypody. Distribution, habitat, and ecology. This plant is endemic to a small area stretching from north-eastern Oregon to north-eastern California. It lives in alkaline or adobe meadows and seeps, river valleys and moist plains in Great Basin sagebrush scrub. Howell's thelypody flowers from May to July. Var. spectabilis, known only from Malheur Co., Oregon, is larger than var. howellii, has larger, more strongly purple flowers, and is a federally listed species.

Thelypodium integrifolium is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names entireleaved thelypody and foxtail thelypodium. It is native to much of the western United States, including the Great Basin and surrounding plateaus and deserts. It occurs in several types of habitat, often growing in sandy, mineral-rich, and alkaline soils, such as those on playas. Thelypodium integrifolium is a biennial herb producing a hairless, waxy stem with a thick, sturdy base, unbranched or branching toward the top and sometimes becoming quite tall, approaching three meters in maximum height. The thick, waxy leaves are not compound or lobed, having smooth edges. The largest basal leaves may exceed 30 centimeters in length. Leaves higher on the plant are shorter and are smooth-edged or toothed. The inflorescence is a dense, cylindrical, spikelike raceme of white or purplish flowers. The fruit is a silique which may be 8 centimeters long. Subspecies. There are five subspecies:T. i. ssp. affine - white petals - Mojave Desert (California), Great Basin. T. i. ssp. complanatum - mainly limited to the Great Basin; generally with lavender petals. T. i. ssp. gracilipes - native to the Four Corners regionT. i. ssp. integrifolium - widespread in the northern distribution of the speciesT. i. ssp. longicarpum - endemic to Arizona, where it is known only from the Grand Canyon and vicinity

Thelypodium laciniatum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name cutleaf thelypody. It is native to western North America, particularly the Great Basin and surrounding plateau and foothill habitat, where it grows in sagebrush, scrub and rocky hillsides. Thelypodium laciniatum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, sometimes exceeding one meter in height. The stems are hairless, solid, and often waxy in texture. The thick green basal leaves have blades divided into several lance-shaped lobes or segments; leaves higher on the plant are smaller and less divided. Thelypodium laciniatum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, sometimes exceeding one meter in height. The stems are hairless, solid, and often waxy in texture. The thick green basal leaves have blades divided into several lance-shaped lobes or segments; leaves higher on the plant are smaller and less divided. The large inflorescence is a dense, spikelike raceme of mustardlike flowers with whitish or pale lavender petals. The fruit is a narrow, cylindrical silique up to 10 to 14 centimeters long. In fruit the raceme is covered in the siliques, which curve or stick straight out like whiskers.

Thelypodium milleflorum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names manyflower thelypody and many-flowered thelypodium. It is native to western North America, particularly the Great Basin and surrounding plateau, desert, and foothill habitat, where it grows in sagebrush and scrub. Thelypodium milleflorum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, often approaching two meters in height. The stems are hairless, sometimes hollow and inflated, and often waxy in texture. The basal leaves have oblong to lance-shaped blades with toothed edges, and sometimes divided into segments. Thelypodium milleflorum is a biennial herb producing many erect stems, often approaching two meters in height. The stems are hairless, sometimes hollow and inflated, and often waxy in texture. The basal leaves have oblong to lance-shaped blades with toothed edges, and sometimes divided into segments. The large inflorescence is a dense, spikelike raceme of mustardlike flowers with white petals. The fruit is a narrow, flat silique up to 8 to 10 centimeters long.

Thelypodium stenopetalum is a rare species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names slenderpetal thelypody, slender-petaled thelypodium and slender-petaled mustard. It is endemic to the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, where it is known from only three or four extant occurrences in moist mountain meadows near Big Bear Lake. Its remaining habitat is considered seriously threatened and the plant is a federally listed endangered species in the United States. Thelypodium stenopetalum is a biennial herb producing decumbent stems up to about 80 centimeters long. The branching stems are hairless, waxy in texture, and greenish to purple in color. The basal leaves have thick, oblong to lance-shaped blades up to 15 centimeters long with smooth or rippled edges. Leaves higher on the plant have much smaller blades which may clasp the stem at their bases. The inflorescence is an erect, open raceme of widely spaced flowers. The petals are usually lavender, or occasionally white, and are narrow and linear in shape, sometimes crinkled. The fruit is a narrow, cylindrical silique up to 5 centimeters long. This plant is threatened by the destruction of its very limited mountain meadow habitat, which is being claimed for development and degraded by recreation, grazing, and introduced weedy plants. Changes in hydrology and soil quality impact the plant. Much of its historical habitat is thought to have disappeared when the Big Bear Dam was built over a century ago, expanding Big Bear Lake by flooding adjacent land. Thelypodium stenopetalum can sometimes be found growing near pebble plain habitat, which contains several other rare plant species. This mustard is a food plant for the larva of the rare endemic Andrew's marble butterfly (Euchloe hyantis andrewsi).

California Goldenbanner (Thermopsis californica) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in disturbed or recently burned places, at elevations from 0-6900 feet.

Slender Falselupine (Thermopsis macrophylla var. venosa) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in Northern, Southern and Central California, primarily in the North Coast, the Klamath Mountain Range and North Coast Range regions. It tends to grow in open grassy and sandy places and open ridges, at elevations from 1000-5000 feet.

Thermopsis macrophylla is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names Santa Inez goldenbanner and Santa Ynez false-lupine. It is endemic to Santa Barbara County, California, where there are 500 to 2500 individuals remaining in the Santa Ynez Mountains. Only two occurrences have been confirmed recently, but the appearance of plants in coming seasons will depend on wildfire activity in the region, because plants spring up from the dormant seed bank after fire. All the known populations occur on wildlands within the Los Padres National Forest. The plant grows in chaparral on sandstone soils among chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), Eastwood's manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa), and chaparral whitethorn (Ceanothus leucodermis). This species once included several other species of Thermopsis, but in 1994, the others were separated out and elevated to species status, and the name T. macrophylla was applied to this rare variety limited to the Santa Ynez Mountains. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing up to 2 meters tall and one wide. It produces up to ten inflorescences each bearing up to 100 bright yellow flowers up to 2 centimeters long each. The fruit is a legume pod containing six to eight seeds. The seeds have very hard coats and must be scarified by fire until they reach 80 degreesC if they are to germinate.

Western red cedar (Thuja plicata), also Western redcedar, is a species of Thuja, an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae. In the American horticultural trade, it is also known as the Giant Arborvitae, Arborvitae being another name for its genus. Western red cedar is the Provincial tree of British Columbia, and has extensive applications for the indigenous First Nations of the Pacific Northwest. The western red cedar is not actually a cedar (Cedrus), but belongs in the Cupressaceae family, along with cypresses. It is known by many names, Pacific red cedar, British Columbia cedar, canoe cedar, giant cedar, or just red cedar. Plicata, the species name, derives from a Greek word meaning "folded in plaits", a references to the pattern of its small leaves. It is one of two arborvitaes (Thuja) native to North America. Arborvitae comes from the Latin for "tree of life". Coincidentally, native Americans of the West coast also address the cedar as "long life maker".

Western red cedar is valued for many industrial uses, including roof shingles, construction and cedar chests. It is allergenic, can cause asthma, and construction workers are advised to limit exposure.

Left to itself, it will grow above 200 '. It can be pruned and trained to become a thick 6' tall hedge.

Thymophylla pentachaeta, also known as golden dyssodia or dogweed, is a perennial or subshrub in the Asteraceae family. The species is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico Four varieties are recognised:

Fiveneedle Pricklyleaf (Thymophylla pentachaeta var. belenidium) is a clumping yellow-flowered perennial in the Asteraceae or sunflower family. It blooms spring to fall with masses of yellow flowers above feathery aromatic foliage. In the wild, it is found in the San Jacinto Mountains and Sonoran Desert, as well as west as far as Texas.

This is an excellent small plant for hot sunny areas. It likes fast-draining soil. It will reseed easily and attracts pollinators.

Thysanocarpus conchuliferus is a rare species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name Santa Cruz Island fringepod. It is endemic to Santa Cruz Island, one of the Channel Islands of California, where has been recently observed at only one location; some years it is totally absent. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States, and a review by the US Fish & Wildlife Service in 2009 suggests it should remain on the list. The plant's habitat is the coastal scrub on the rocky, windblown slopes and canyons of its single island.

Thysanocarpus curvipes is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names sand fringepod and lacepod. It is native to western North America from British Columbia through the western United States to Baja California, where it grows in many types of habitat. It is a common plant in much of its range. It is variable in appearance. It is an annual herb producing a branching or unbranched stem 10 to 80 centimeters tall. The leaves are mostly lance-shaped but variable. The lower ones are sometimes borne on petioles and the upper ones may clasp the stem at their bases. They may be smooth-edged, toothed, or lobed. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers with four white or purple-tinged petals and purple sepals. The fruit is a flattened, rounded or oval disclike capsule with a thin wing around the edge. The fruit is under a centimeter long and the wing is variable in appearance, flat or wavy, sometimes perforated.

Thysanocarpus laciniatus is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name mountain fringepod. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in many types of habitat. It is a common plant in much of its range. It is an annual herb producing a slender, branching or unbranched stem 10 to 60 centimeters tall. It is somewhat waxy in texture and generally lacks hairs. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped and smooth-edged or toothed. They measure up to 4 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a raceme of small whitish or purplish flowers. The fruit is a flattened, rounded or oval disclike capsule with a thin wing around the edge.

Thysanocarpus radians is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name ribbed fringepod. It is native to northern and central California and Oregon, where it grows in moist meadows, fields, hillsides, and other habitat. It is an annual herb growing up to 50 or 60 centimeters tall. The leaves are wavy-edged or lobed, the basal ones up to 5 centimeters long and ephemeral, and the upper ones with bases clasping the stem. The inflorescence is a long, open raceme of small whitish or purplish flowers. The fruit is a flattened, rounded, disclike capsule which hangs from its pedicel. It measures up to a centimeter long and is hairless to quite hairy in texture. The flat wing lining the edge of the disc is ribbed with rays like the spokes of a wheel, a characteristic making it easily distinguished from other Thysanocarpus when it is in fruit.

Toxicodendron diversilobum, commonly named poison oak, Pacific poison oak or western poison oak, is a woody vine or shrub widely distributed in western North America. It is common in various habitats, from riparian zones to dry chaparral. It thrives in shady and dappled light through full and direct sunlight conditions. It is one of the more common shrubs in California, growing throughout the coastal and coast mountain ranges, the Transverse mountain ranges, through the Sierra foothills, and in the Sacramento Valley. It is extremely variable in growth habit and leaf appearance, growing as a dense tall shrub in open sunlight, and a treelike vine or dense thickets in shaded areas. It reproduces by spreading rhizomes and by seeds. The plant is winter deciduous, so that after cold weather sets in, the stems are leafless and bear only the occasional cluster of berries.

Poison oak is known for causing itching and allergic rashes in many humans after contact by touch or smoke inhalation. Because of this, it is usually eradicated from gardens and public landscaped areas. However, it can be a carefully situated component in wildlife gardens, habitat gardens, and natural landscaping. The plant is used in habitat restoration projects. It can be early stage succession where woodlands have been burned or removed, serving as a nurse plant for other species.

Botanist John Howell observed the toxicity of Poison Oak obscures its merits: "In spring, the ivory flowers bloom on the sunny hill or in sheltered glade, in summer its fine green leaves contrast refreshingly with dried and tawny grassland, in autumn its colors flame more brilliantly than in any other native, but one great fault, its poisonous juice, nullifies its every other virtue and renders this beautiful shrub the most disparaged of all within our region."

Black-tailed deer, mule deer, California ground squirrels, western gray squirrels, and other indigenous fauna feed on the leaves of the plant. It is rich in phosphorus, calcium, and sulfur. Bird species use the berries for food, and utilize the plant structure for shelter. Neither native animals, nor horses, livestock, or canine pets demonstrate reactions.

Trianthema portulacastrum is a species of flowering plant in the ice plant family known by the common names desert horsepurslane, black pigweed, and giant pigweed. It is native to areas of several continents, including Africa and North and South America, and present as an introduced species in many other areas. It grows in a wide variety of habitat types and it can easily take hold in disturbed areas and cultivated land as a weed. It is an annual herb forming a prostrate mat or clump with stems up to a meter long. It is green to red in color, hairless except for small lines of hairs near the leaves, and fleshy. The leaves have small round or oval blades up to 4 centimeters long borne on short petioles. Solitary flowers occur in leaf axils. The flower lacks petals but has purple, petallike sepals. The fruit is a curved, cylindrical capsule emerging from the stem. It is up to half a centimeter long and has two erect, pointed wings on top, where the capsule opens. Seed dispersal occurs in a number of ways. One seed may be carried on the detached cap of the fruit, which floats on water. Other seeds may fall out of the remaining part of the fruit or remain on the plant after it dies and withers, resprouting the following season.

Trichostema austromontanum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name San Jacinto bluecurls. It is native to California from the mountains east of the Sierra Nevada to the Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges, its distribution extending south into Baja California. It occurs in wet mountain meadows and on the shores of lakes. It is an annual herb approaching half a meter in maximum height, its aromatic herbage coated in glandular and nonglandular hairs. The elongated or lance-shaped leaves are 2 to 5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a series of clusters of flowers located at each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of pointed sepals and a tubular, lipped purple corolla. The four stamens are long and curved. There are two subspecies. The rarer, ssp. compactum, the Hidden Lake bluecurls, is known only from one location at Hidden Lake, a small seasonal alpine lake in the San Jacinto Mountains of Riverside County, California. The main threat to its existence is trampling by hikers and sightseers.

Woolly Bluecurls (Trichostema lanatum) is named for its curled, fuzzy flowers that bloom in brilliant shades of blue and lavender. These striking flowers bloom in dense clusters on branching stems from fall to spring. A favorite of hummingbirds, the flowers also attract bees, butterflies, and other insects.

This shrub is a member of the Mint family. Its narrow, bright green leaves have a pleasant, minty fragrance. It can quickly grow to an impressive size in the first year, although as a fire-following plant, it does have a short lifespan (around 4 to 5 years).

In the garden, this plant requires specific growing conditions to do well. A young Woolly Bluecurls plant needs regular watering after planting. Once it's established, however, overwatering - even occasional summer water - can damage or kill them. Plant in full or part sun in light, well-draining soil. It does well in rocky areas and does not like mulch. Although short-lived, the showy blooms make this plant a stunning addition to a low-water pollinator garden.

The annual herb of the mint family Trichostema lanceolatum is commonly known as vinegar weed because its foliage contains volatile oils that have a strong vinegar odor. Other common names for the plant include terpentine weed and camphor weed. The oils also have phytotoxic properties, which help vinegar weed compete by killing or injuring other plant species. Indians of northern California used the plant as a cold and fever remedy, a pain reliever, and a flea repellent. Vinegar weed is a wildflower bearing striking purple-blue flowers on short green stems. The numerous leaves are juicy and green and are covered in fluffy hairs. The plant is well adapted to its native range in California, where it thrives in dry, nutrient-poor, sun-baked clay soil. In hot weather the vinegar smell of the plant becomes intense as the oils in the tissues permeate the air. The plants of this genus are sometimes called blue curls, but this name may be more associated with the similar, but sweeter smelling, species Trichostema lanatum. Vinegar weed is found on the west coast of North America from northern Mexico to southern Canada.

Trichostema laxum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, known by the common name turpentine weed from the foliage's scent. The annual plant is native to northern California and Oregon, at elevations below 1,700 metres (5,600 ft). It is found primarily in the Inner Northern California Coast Ranges, including the subranges of the Klamath Mountains and the Mayacamas Mountains. It grows in gravelly streambanks or sandy soil, of the mountains and foothills in chaparral, Foothill oak woodland, and Yellow pine forest habitats. The species has an affinity for serpentine soils. Trichostema laxum is an annual herb approaching 5 decimetres (1. 6 ft) in maximum height. Its aromatic foliage, with a strong turpentine odor, is coated in glandular and nonglandular hairs. The lanceolate to narrowly ovate leaves are up to 7 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a series of clusters of flowers located at each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of green or reddish sepals and a tubular, lipped purple corolla. The four stamens are long and curved, measuring up to 1. 6 centimeters in length. Its bloom period is from June to October.

Trichostema micranthum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, known by the common name smallflower bluecurls. The plant is native to Southern California, northwestern Arizona, and northern Baja California state. In California populations are found in the San Bernardino Mountains and San Emigdio Mountains of the Transverse Ranges. Its habitat includes meadow wetlands and riparian riverbanks, often in white fir (Abies concolor) and Yellow pine forest habitats. It grows at 1,500-2,500 metres (4,900-8,200 ft) in elevation. Trichostema micranthum is an annual herb growing to under 3 decimetres (12 in) in maximum height. Its aromatic foliage is coated in short, glandular and nonglandular hairs. The pointed oval or lance-shaped leaves are up to 4. 5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a series of clusters of flowers located at each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of pointed sepals and a tubular, lipped purple corolla a few millimeters in length. The four stamens are sometimes protrude from the lips of the corolla.

Trichostema oblongum, known by the common names oblong bluecurls and mountain bluecurls, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family . It is native to California and the Northwestern United States in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, and north into British Columbia, Canada. Trichostema oblongum is an annual herb approaching five decimeters (20 in) in maximum height. Its aromatic foliage is coated in glandular and nonglandular hairs. The elongated or lance-shaped leaves are 2 to 4 centimeters (0. 79 to 1. 57 in). The inflorescence is a series of clusters of flowers located at each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of pointed sepals and a tubular, lipped purple corolla. The four curved stamens protrude from the lips of the flower.

Trichostema ovatum is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name San Joaquin bluecurls. It is endemic to the San Joaquin Valley of California, where it occurs in grassland habitat, as well as disturbed and alkali soils, such as chenopod scrub. Trichostema ovatum is an annual herb approaching 80 centimeters in maximum height, its aromatic herbage coated in woolly glandular and nonglandular hairs. The pointed oval leaves are 1 or 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a series of clusters of flowers located at each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of pointed sepals and a tubular, lipped purple corolla. The four stamens are long and curved, measuring up to 1. 6 centimeters long. The plant blooms in May through October, with peak flowering in the hot summer. Adequate rainfall is necessary for germination.

Trichostema parishii is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Parish's bluecurls. It is native to the Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges of southern California and south into Baja California. Its habitat includes chaparral and coastal sage scrub. It grows at 600-2,000 metres (2,000-6,600 ft) in elevation. Trichostema parishii is a shrub that grows to a maximum height around 12 decimetres (3. 9 ft). Its aromatic herbage coated in short glandular and nonglandular hairs. The linear leaves are up to 6 centimeters long. Their edges curl under, and they are hairy, especially on the undersides. A cluster of smaller leaves may occur in the axils of each main leaf. The inflorescence is a long cyme of flowers growing from the stem between each leaf pair. The inflorescence is coated in fluffy, woolly hairs in shades of blue, pink and purple. Each flower has a hairy calyx of pointed sepals and a tubular, lipped purple corolla, the main lower lip measuring up to a centimeter in length. The four stamens are long and curved, measuring up to 2. 5 centimeters long. Its bloom period is from March to May.

Trichostema rubisepalum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Hernandez's bluecurls. The plant is endemic to California. It has a disjunct distribution occurring in two main locations: the southern Diablo Range east of the Salinas Valley in San Benito County, and the western Sierra Nevada foothills, primarily within Mariposa County and Tuolumne County. Its habitats include chaparral, foothill oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, intermittent streambeds, and seasonal pools. It has an affinity to serpentine soils. Trichostema rubisepalum is annual herb that grows to approximately 0. 5 metres (1. 6 ft) in maximum height. Its aromatic foliage is coated in long and short glandular and nonglandular hairs. The leaves are lance-shaped. The inflorescence is a long cyme of flowers growing from the stem between each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of pointed sepals which often take on a dark red coloration. The flower has a tubular throat and a lipped, purple corolla. The four protruding, curved stamens are about half a centimeter long. Its bloom period is from June to July.

Trichostema ruygtii, with the common name Napa bluecurls, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family. It was first described to science in 2006. The plant is endemic to California in the northern San Francisco Bay Area, where it is known from the southern Mayacamas Mountains, in Napa County and into western Solano County. Its habitats include chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and vernal pools in grasslands. Trichostema ruygtii is an annual herb that grows under 5 decimetres (1. 6 ft) in height. The stems and lanceolate leaves have short hairs. The flowers are a pale lavender in color. Its bloom period is June to October. The species is threatened by agriculture and development. Trichostema ruygtii is listed as a Critically endangered species on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants.

Trichostema simulatum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Siskiyou bluecurls. It is native to the southern Cascade Range in northern California and southern Oregon, and in the northern Sierra Nevada in California. Trichostema simulatum is an annual herb grows up to about 40 centimetres (16 in) tall. Its aromatic foliage is coated in long and short glandular and nonglandular hairs. The lance-shaped leaves are 2 to 5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a long cyme of flowers growing from the stem between each leaf pair. Each flower has a hairy calyx of sepals with triangular points and a tubular, lipped purple corolla. The four protruding stamens are curved.

Tridens muticus is a species of grass known by the common name slim tridens. It is native to Mexico and the southwestern quadrant of the United States, where it grows several types of habitat, including plateau and desert, woodlands, sagebrush, plains, and other areas with dry sandy and clay soils. It is a perennial grass forming a thick tuft with a knotted base and rhizome. It reaches a maximum height of 50 to 80 centimeters. The panicle has short branches appressed to the others, making the inflorescence narrow. The florets are generally purple in color.

Trifolium albopurpureum is a species of clover known by the common name rancheria clover. It is native to the west coast and of North America from British Columbia, California and the Sierra Nevada, to Baja California. It can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including chaparral and woodlands, grasslands, forests, and montane locales. Trifolium albopurpureum is an annual herb growing decumbent or erect in form. The leaflets are 1 to 3 centimeters long, and the herbage is hairy. The inflorescence is a spike of flowers measuring 0. 5 to 2 centimeters wide. Each flower has a calyx of sepals with narrow lobes that taper into a bristle-shaped point and are coated in long hairs. Within the calyx is the flower corolla, which is purple and white in color. Subspecies. Trifolium albopurpureum is often discussed as comprising three Varieties: These are:Trifolium albopurpureum var. albopurpureumTrifolium albopurpureum var. dichotomumTrifolium albopurpureum var. olivaceum

Trifolium amoenum, known by the common names showy Indian clover and two-fork clover, is endemic to California, and is an endangered annual herb that subsists in grassland areas of the San Francisco Bay Area and the northern California Coast Ranges. This wildflower has an erect growth habit and is typically found on heavy soils at elevations less than 100 meters. The flower head is somewhat spherical with a diameter of about 2. 5 centimeters. The petals are purple gradating to white tips. History and Edward Lee Greene collected the first recorded specimen of this plant in 1890 in Vacaville, California Solano County. The historical range of Trifolium amoenum was from the western extreme of the Sacramento Valley in Solano County west and north to Marin and Sonoma Counties, where many sites were presumed extirpated by urban and agricultural development. Due to the further expansion of the human population, Trifolium amoenum became a rare species by the mid-1900s. Through the latter 1900s, the number of distinct populations dwindled to about 20 in number, from pressure of an expanding human population and urban development. Rediscovery. By 1993 Trifolium amoenum was thought to be extinct, after the population in Vacaville, California depleted, but was rediscovered by Peter Connors in the form of a single plant on a site in western Sonoma County. The seeds from this single plant organism were used to grow more specimens. The Sonoma County location has been developed and any plants remaining there have been extirpated. Presently there is only a single extant population, subsequently discovered in 1996 in northern Marin County, which numbers approximately 200 plants. Trifolium amoenum became a federally listed endangered species in 1997. Recent conservation research on Trifolium amoenum has been conducted by the Bodega Marine Laboratory.

Trifolium andersonii is a species of clover known by the common names fiveleaf clover and Anderson's clover. It is native to the western United States, particularly the Great Basin and adjacent high mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada. It grows in forests, mountain meadows, and talus. It has been noted to be the dominant species in dry areas on the alpine grassland steppe in the White Mountains of California. Trifolium andersonii is a perennial herb growing in a tuft or low cushion, and lacking a stem. The long-haired or woolly, silvery-gray leaves have 3 to 7 leaflets each up to 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a head of flowers measuring 1. 5 to 2. 5 centimeters wide. Each flower has a calyx of sepals with narrow, densely hairy lobes. Within the calyx is the flower corolla, which is pinkish purple or bicolored. Various subtaxa are usually recognized by authors as varieties or subspecies.

Trifolium barbigerum is a species of clover known by the common name bearded clover. The plant is native to central coastal and Northern California and Oregon, below 700 metres (2,300 ft) in elevation. Areas it is found include on the northern Channel Islands of California, the California Coast Ranges, and around the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows in many types of habitat, including coastal prairie, mixed evergreen forest, closed-cone pine forest, and wetland-riparian areas. It is also found in disturbed and cultivated areas. Trifolium barbigerum is an annual herb growing decumbent to erect in form and hairy to hairless in texture. The leaves are divided into oval leaflets up to 2. 5 centimeters long, sometimes having notches at the tips. The stipules on the leaves are large and variable in shape. The inflorescence is a head of flowers up to 2. 5 centimeters wide. The flowers are held in a bowl-shaped involucre of bracts with toothed edges. Each flower has a calyx of sepals narrowing into one or more bristles which are coated with long hairs. Within each calyx is the flower corolla which may be pinkish purple, white, or bicolored purple and white. The bloom period is April to July. Varieties: Trifolium barbigerum was formerly discussed classified with two varieties, that are not in current use:Trifolium barbigerum var. andrewsii - reclassified as Trifolium grayi. Trifolium. barbigerum var. barbigerum - reclassified as and synonym of Trifolium barbigerum.

Trifolium beckwithii is a species of clover known by the common name Beckwith's clover. It is native to the western United States, from northeastern California, Oregon, Nevada and Utah in the Great Basin region, to Montana and into South Dakota. Habitats include yellow pine forest, red fir forest, mountain meadows, and wetland-riparian areas. Trifolium beckwithii is a perennial herb growing upright in form. Most of the leaves are basal, except for one pair growing higher on the stem. The leaf is made up of oval leaflets up to 4 centimeters long and the stipules are large. The inflorescence is a head of flowers 2 to 3 centimeters wide. The flower corolla is pink, purplish, or bicolored. The flowers droop on the head as they age.

Trifolium bifidum is a species of clover known by the common names notchleaf clover and pinole clover. It is native to the western United States from Washington to California, where it grows in many types of habitat. It is an annual herb spreading or growing erect in form. It is lightly hairy to hairless in texture. The leaves are made up of oval leaflets 1 to 2 centimeters long, usually with notches in the tips. The inflorescence is a head of flowers up to 1. 5 centimeters wide. Each flower has a calyx of sepals that narrow to bristles covered in long hairs. The flower corolla is yellowish, pinkish, or purple and under a centimeter long. The flowers droop on the head as they age. Trifolium depauperatum is often discussed as comprising two Varieties: These are:

Pinole Clover (Trifolium bifidum var. bifidum) is a native annual herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in open, grassy places, at elevations from 0-2000 feet.

Notch Leaf Clover (Trifolium bifidum var. decipiens) is a native annual herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in open, grassy places, at elevations from 0-3300 feet.

Trifolium bolanderi is a species of clover known by the common names Bolander's clover and parasol clover. The perennial herb is endemic to California. It is known only from the meadows of the central Sierra Nevada in Lower and Upper montane coniferous forest habitats, with small populations in Fresno County, Madera County, and Mariposa County. It is listed as a Vulnerable species by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and IUCN, and is on the California Native Plant Society Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants as a Fairly endangered species. Trifolium bolanderi is a perennial herb growing in clumps with upright stems and mostly hairless herbage. The leaves are arranged around the base of the stem. Each is made up of oval leaflets with toothed edges. The inflorescence is a head of flowers 1 or 2 centimeters wide, the flowers soon drooping to hang from the head in a parasol-shaped arrangement. Each flower has a calyx of dark purple or black sepals that contrasts with the pale pinkish corolla. The tubular corolla measures just over a centimeter long.

Trifolium breweri, which has the common names forest clover and Brewer's clover, is a perennial clover that is native to mixed evergreen forests and coastal coniferous forests in southern Oregon and California. It belongs to the family Fabaceae, known for containing peas and other legumes. Its genus, Trifolium, has a cosmopolitan distribution; the densest of which is found in the Northern Hemisphere. Trifolium breweri is found in southern Oregon and California. It grows in the Klamath Range, Cascades Range, and Sierra Nevada. This plant is considered to be secure within its range. Recent Research. There was a study done about New World clovers found in mountainous regions done in 2013. Trifolium breweri is mentioned briefly as being basal within the Involucrarium clade with some of the South American species that were studied. Another study done on the molecular phylogenetics of the clover genus mentions Trifolium breweri. 218 species of Trifolium were collected and sequenced in California. The results of the study were consistent with a Mediterranean origin of the genus, probably in the Early Miocene. They believe that all of the New World species had a single origin, while the species of sub-Saharan Africa originated from three separate dispersal events.

Trifolium buckwestiorum is a rare species of clover known by the common name Santa Cruz clover. It is endemic to California, where it is known from nine or ten small occurrences in Monterey, Santa Cruz, and Sonoma Counties. It may also occur in San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Mendocino Counties, but its populations are very small and easily disturbed by threats such as vehicles, development, and feral pig activity. It grows in forest, woodland, and coastal prairie habitat. It is an annual herb growing upright or decumbent in form, with hairless green or reddish herbage. The leaves are made up of finely toothed, oval shaped leaflets up to 1. 5 centimeters long and bristle-tipped stipules. The inflorescence is a head of flowers roughly a centimeter wide, the flowers held in a bowl-like involucre of wide, jagged-toothed bracts. Each flower has a calyx of sepals that narrow into fine bristles and a pink corolla under one centimeter long.

Foothill Clover (Trifolium ciliolatum) is a common native annual herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in open, grassy places, at elevations from 0-5000 feet.