Prunella vulgaris, known as common selfheal, heal-all, heart-of-the-earth or h kh tho in Vietnamese, is a medicinal plant in the genus Prunella. It grows from 1 to 2 feet high, with creeping, self-rooting, tough, square, reddish stems branching at leaf axis. The leaves are lance shaped, serrated and reddish at tip, about an inch long and 1/2 inch broad, grow on short stalks in opposite pairs down the square stem. The flowers grow from a clublike, somewhat square, whirled cluster, immediately below this club are a pair of stalkless leaves standing out on either side like a collar. Flowers are two lipped and tubular, the top lip is a purple hood, and the bottom lip is often white, it has three lobes with the middle lobe being larger and fringed upwardly. Flowers bloom at different times depending on climate and other conditions; Mostly from June to August. For medicinal purposes, the whole plant is gathered when the flowers bloom, and dried. The leaves and small flowers of heal-all are edible. Heal-all is a perennial herb found throughout Europe, Asia, Japan and the United States of America, as well as most temperate climates. Its origin seems to be European, though it has been documented in other countries since before any history of travel. In the United Kingdom it is abundant throughout Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and England. In the Republic of Ireland it is currently abundant in the west in counties Galway and Clare, the south-west in Kerry, the south coast and is also found around the central basin of Ireland. It is often found growing in waste ground, grassland, woodland edges, usually on basic and neutral soils. It is grown in any damp soil in full sun or in light shade. Seeds are sown in very early spring in a flat outdoor area.

Hairy Brackenfern (Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens) is a native fern that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in meadows and woodlands and slopes, at elevations from 0-10000 feet.

Rhodiola integrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common names ledge stonecrop, western roseroot, and king's crown. It is native to north-easternmost Russia, including Kamchatka, and western North America, where it grows in mountainous habitat in subalpine and alpine climates, including meadows, cliffs, and talus. It is a perennial herb producing a stout stem from a fleshy, branching caudex, reaching a maximum height near 30 centimeters. The fleshy leaves are alternately arranged on the stem, widely lance-shaped to oval and pointed, flat but upcurved toward the tip, reaching 2. 5 centimeters long. They are green when new and age to orange, rose, or red. The inflorescence is a dense cyme of up to 50 flowers with fleshy petals in shades of bright red to deep purple. There are several subspecies of this plant, with one, ssp. leedyi, very rare and limited to a few populations in Minnesota and upstate New York. This subspecies is considered a relict from times when its range was covered in glaciers; it survives on barren cliffs which are kept cold by air blowing through cracks from subterranean caves. It is treated as a federally listed threatened species in the United States.

Western Azalea is best known of three Rhododendron species native to California. It occurs as far north as Bandon, Oregon and as far south as the Palomar Mountain area in southern California, possibly also in Baja California, Mexico. It is a shrub capable of growing to 5 meters tall but more commonly around 3 meters. The leaves are deciduous, 3-9 centimeters long and 1-3 centimeters broad. The flowers are 3.5-5 centimeters in diameter, with five lobes on the corolla; color varies from white to pink, often with a yellow blotch. It is most often found in moist forested areas. It typically gets summer fog drip or some other source of summer moisture. It is deciduous and will be leafless for some months out of the year, but does produce interesting fall color. It needs some sun for good flower production but also likes some high shade such as the edge of a woodland.

Grows best in loamy, medium draining soil. Prefers part shade in coastal sites, and part shade or shade in inland sites. North Coast, Klamath Ranges, Outer North Coast Ranges, Inner North Coast Ranges, High Cascade Range, High sierra Nevada, Central Coast, sF Bay area, High sierra Nevada.

Western Azalea (Rhododendron occidentale var. paludosum) is a native tree or shrub that grows in northern California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 0-7500 feet.

Sonoma Azalea (Rhododendron occidentale var. sonomense) is a native tree or shrub that grows in central California. It tends to grow in wet places, at elevations from 0-7500 feet.

Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) is a perennial in the Rose family and is related to raspberries and blackberries. Spreading through underground rhizomes, the thornless canes can create a dense stand that is topped by large, maple-like leaves. In the spring, large white flowers bloom above the leaves. A bright red, edible fruit that resembles a raspberry (or a thimble, as the name suggests), ripens in summer.

Bees and other pollinators are attracted to the flowers, and the leaves are a host plant for many different species of butterflies and moths. Birds and other mammals eat the berries.

Thimbleberries grow in partly-shaded forest openings and on moist woodland canyons or slopes. Use Thimbleberry for erosion control on slopes in a forested garden; near shady creeks or streams; or on the north side of a house. Thimbleberry can be used as a native plant substitute for non-native berries in an edible garden or food forest.

Chia (Salvia columbariae) is a small annual sage with vivid blue-purple flowers  that looks great mixed with California poppy.  The leaves form a rosette at the base of the plant and flower stalks rise about one and a half feet. Flowers emerge in spring. 

Plant from seed in fall, on a sunny slope or in well-drained soil. Seedlings emerge early in the rainy season and grow fast.

Munz's Sage (Salvia munzii) is a rare, and fairly small native shrub that grows in the southern part of the Peninsular Range in California, and down into Baja California, Mexico, where it is relatively common. It grows at elevations from 500-3000 feet, usually in very dry conditions. It is a compact sage that works well in a container or small space. Though it is very drought tolerant, it accepts summer water well. There is a horticultural variety known as 'Emerald Cascade' that is available in some nurseries.

Like many other species of salvia, Hummingbird Sage is a magnet for pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and --- of course --- hummingbirds! This attractive sage is notable for its bold pink and red flowering spikes and pleasant fragrance. It spreads by rhizomes and over time can cover a large area, making it a popular groundcover plant.

Hummingbird Sage grows well in shade and part-shade. In its natural environment, it's often found under trees and large shrubs. It is drought tolerant and can survive without summer irrigation once established. Some supplemental water will keep the foliage green.

Sclerocactus polyancistrus is a species of cactus known by several common names, including redspined fishhook cactus, Mojave fishhook cactus, pineapple cactus, and hermit cactus. Sclerocactus polyancistrus is native to the Mojave Desert in eastern California and southern Nevada. It grows in desert scrub, woodlands, and canyons, often on limestone stubstrate. The Sclerocactus polyancistrus cactus has a cylindrical stem up to 25 centimeters tall by 8 wide. They may grow in clusters. The cactus is densely spiny, each areole has several reddish or white central spines with hooked tips and several more white spines around the edge. The fragrant flower is up to 10 centimeters wide and may be most any shade of pink or red-violet. The scaly, fleshy fruit is 2 or 3 centimeters long.

Scutellaria antirrhinoides is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common names nose skullcap and snapdragon skullcap. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in forests, woodlands, and open, rocky habitat types. It is a perennial herb producing an erect stem or cluster of stems up to 35 centimeters tall from a system of thin rhizomes. The stems are coated in short hairs which are curled or angled upward and sometimes have resin glands. The oval leaves are coated in tiny hairs and are oppositely arranged. The lowest leaves are borne on short petioles. Flowers emerge from the leaf axils. Each flower is held in a calyx of sepals with a large ridge or appendage on the upper part. The corolla is up to 2 centimeters long, tubular in shape with a large upper and lower lip. The upper lip is folded into a beaklike protrusion and the lower has three flat lobes. The corolla is purple to blue with an area of white mottling on the lower lip.

Sedum albomarginatum is a rare species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common name Feather River stonecrop. It is endemic to California where it is known from fewer than 20 occurrences along the Feather River in Plumas and Butte Counties. It grows on steep cliffs and mountain slopes in rocky serpentine substrates. Sedum albomarginatum is a small perennial succulent plant forming basal rosettes a few centimeters wide from a woody root system. The leaves are up to 7 cm long with the widest part near the distal end. The tip is rounded or slightly notched. Flowering shoots have smaller, oblanceolate leaves. The leaves are hairless, waxy, and blue-green in color. Young leaves often have characteristic white edges where the wax is thickest, but wthe wax wears off with time. The inflorescence is a spreading array of many flowers with light yellow petals up to a centimeter long each. Sedum albomarginatum is a small perennial succulent plant forming basal rosettes a few centimeters wide from a woody root system. The leaves are up to 7 cm long with the widest part near the distal end. The tip is rounded or slightly notched. Flowering shoots have smaller, oblanceolate leaves. The leaves are hairless, waxy, and blue-green in color. Young leaves often have characteristic white edges where the wax is thickest, but wthe wax wears off with time. The inflorescence is a spreading array of many flowers with light yellow petals up to a centimeter long each. Threats to this rare Sedum species include erosion on the steep terrain where it grows, as well as mining and construction.

Sedum divergens, commonly called spreading stonecrop, Cascade stonecrop, and Pacific stonecrop, is a low growing flowering plant of the genus Sedum. It is native to western North America from Alaska to northern California. This plant is common in the lava beds of Northwest British Columbia where it is one of the food plants of the Nisga'a first nation.

Sedum lanceolatum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common names spearleaf stonecrop and lanceleaf stonecrop. It is native to western North America and occurs in western Canada and the United States. It is distributed from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico and as far east as South Dakota and Nebraska. It grows in exposed, rocky mountainous habitat at moderate and high elevations, up to 4048 meters in the Rocky Mountains. The plant persisted and evolved on sky islands and nunataks in these ranges during glaciation events during the Pleistocene epoch.

Sedum laxum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common name roseflower stonecrop. It is native to southwestern Oregon and northwestern California, where it can be found in rocky mountainous habitat. It is a succulent plant forming basal rosettes of oval or oblong leaves up to 3 centimeters long. The inflorescence is made up of one or more erect arrays of many flowers. The flowers have reddish or yellowish petals up to 1. 3 centimeters long each.

Roseflower Stonecrop (Sedum laxum ssp. flavidum) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in Northern California, primarily in the North Coast, the Klamath Mountain Range and North Coast Range regions. It tends to grow in rocky outcrops, at elevations from 2600-6600 feet.

Heckner's Stonecrop (Sedum laxum ssp. heckneri) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in Northern California, primarily in the North Coast, the Klamath Mountain Range and North Coast Range regions. It tends to grow in rocky outcrops, at elevations from 200-6600 feet.

Rose Flowered Stonecrop (Sedum laxum ssp. laxum) is a native perennial herb that grows in Northern California, primarily in the North Coast and Klamath Mountain Range regions. It tends to grow in rocky outcrops, at elevations from 200-6600 feet.

Sedum niveum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common name Davidson's stonecrop. It is native to southern California and northern Baja California, where it is known from several local mountain ranges. It grows in rocky, forested habitat. It is a succulent plant forming basal mats of spoon-shaped or oval leaves no more than a centimeter long. The small inflorescence grows up to 9 centimeters tall and bears several flowers with white petals tinged or veined with pink. The stamens have red or black anthers.

Sedum oblanceolatum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common names oblongleaf stonecrop and Applegate stonecrop. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of southwestern Oregon and far northern California, where it grows on many types of rocky substrate, such as serpentine soils and other ultramafics. It is a succulent plant forming basal rosettes of waxy leaves. The leaves are widely lance-shaped, widest near the distal end and narrowing to rounded or notched tips. Smaller leaves occur farther up the stem. The small inflorescence grows a few centimeters tall and bears up to 50 flowers in a flat-topped array. The flowers have cream or yellowish petals up to a centimeter long.

Sedum obtusatum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common name Sierra stonecrop. It is native to the Sierra Nevada and adjacent high mountain ranges of California, its distribution extending north into Oregon and east into Nevada. It grows in rocky mountain habitat. It is a succulent plant forming basal rosettes of waxy leaves. The leaves are oval or spoon-shaped and up to 3 centimeters long, with smaller ones occurring farther up the stem. The leaves are green to blue-green to red-tinged or all red. The inflorescence is an erect, sometimes flat-topped array of many flowers. The flowers have white petals tinged with green, yellow, or orange. Variety. One variety of this species, var. paradisum, is a very rare plant limited to the Trinity Mountains of California; it is sometimes treated as a species in its own right, the Canyon Creek stonecrop (Sedum paradisum).

Sierra Stonecrop (Sedum obtusatum ssp. boreale) is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in rocky outcrops, at elevations from 4600-6600 feet.

Sierra Stonecrop (Sedum obtusatum ssp. obtusatum) is a native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in rocky outcrops, at elevations from 3900-12100 feet.

Canyon Creek Stonecrop (Sedum paradisum) is a rare native perennial herb that grows in Northern California, primarily in the Klamath Mountain Range region. It tends to grow in granite outcrops, at elevations from 1000-4600 feet.

Sedum oreganum is a species of succulent plant of the genus Sedum. It grows along the Pacific Coast of North America from Alaska to far northern California. The plant, known by the common name Oregon stonecrop, grows in many types of rocky habitat, including coastal bluffs and cliffs and the talus of higher inland mountains. Media related to Sedum oreganum at Wikimedia Commons

Sedum oregonense is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common name cream stonecrop. It is native to the Klamath Ranges of southern Oregon and northern California, where it grows in rocky habitat. It is a succulent plant forming basal rosettes of leaves up to about 4 centimeters long. Smaller leaves occur farther up the stem. The leaves are green in color and waxy in texture. The inflorescence is an erect, wide open array of many flowers. The flowers have yellow petals with red-tinged or white-speckled undersides.

Sedum radiatum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common name Coast Range stonecrop. It is native to Oregon and California, where it is known from several coastal and inland mountain ranges, including the Klamath Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. It grows in many types of rocky habitat, sometimes on serpentine soils. It is an annual or biennial succulent plant producing several stems with elevated, somewhat basal rosettes of leaves. The leaves are not much more than a centimeter long. They are green or yellowish with green, purple or red veining. The inflorescence is a short, erect array of many densely packed flowers. The flowers have yellow, cream, or white petals which are lance-shaped and one half to 1 centimeter long.

Yellow Stonecrop (Sedum spathulifolium) is a native perennial herb in the Crassulaceae (Stonecrop) family that is found in rocky or mountainous areas over a large part of the state, but more commonly in northern California. It is also found northward to British Columbia. It tends to grow in a hanging or sprawling manner on the face of cliffs or steep rocky outcrops, often in shade, at elevations from 0-7500 feet. The leaves are somewhat thick and succulent. In spring the plant puts up an erect flower stalk with diminutive yellow flowers. This succulent works well in rock gardens in northern California. Plant at an angle so that water does not collect on the crown. In its native setting this plant receives abundant moisture in winter/spring, then remains relatively dry through summer. It is evergreen but may shrivel somewhat in summer.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected by Jenny Flemming from the salmon Mountains in northwestern California.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selection from port Orford, Oregon.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Sedum stenopetalum is a species of flowering plant in the stonecrop family known by the common name wormleaf stonecrop. It is native to western North America from British Columbia and Alberta to northern California to Wyoming. It can be found in many types of rocky habitat, such as cliffs, talus, and steep ridges. It is a succulent plant producing mats or clumps of lance-shaped, linear, or three-lobed leaves each under 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a short, erect array of one to many flowers with lance-shaped petals up to a centimeter long. The petals are yellow, sometimes with red veins.

Selaginella bigelovii is a species of spikemoss known by the common names bushy spikemoss and Bigelow's spikemoss. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in rocky places in many different habitat types, from the coastline to the mountains to the deserts. This lycophyte forms clumps of spreading upright to erect stems up to 20 centimeters long with a few short lateral branches. The linear or lance-shaped green leaves are up to 4 millimeters long, including the tiny rigid bristles at their tips. They are flattened to the stem or stick out just a little. The strobili borne at the leaf bases are yellow-orange in color.

Selaginella wallacei is a species of spikemoss known by the common name Wallace's spikemoss. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California to Montana, where it can be found in many types of habitat, including open and shaded areas, and wet to dry environments. This lycophyte is variable in appearance, its form depending on the habitat it grows in. It can be spreading with many narrow branches, or a small, dense mat. The forking stems grow up to about 25 centimeters long, but may remain much shorter in dry conditions. They are lined with linear, lance-shaped, or oblong leaves up to 4 millimeters long including the bristles at the tips. The strobili containing the reproductive structures may be quite long, reaching up to 9 centimeters.

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a rounded evergreen shrub with thick, waxy green leaves that is moderately fast growing and long-lived. Clusters of small yellow and cream flowers bloom in late spring. Female plants, with male plants nearby, produce acorn-shaped fruit from which the highly prized jojoba oil is derived. This shrub is found primarily in the Peninsular Range and Sonoran Desert regions, growing at elevations up to 4,900 feet.

Jojoba is an excellent choice for dry areas, particularly high desert gardens. It is highly tolerant of pruning and shearing, making it a versatile landscape plant. The fruit is edible, and its seeds are an important source of forage for wildlife. Additionally, it attracts butterflies and moths, supporting pollinators in the garden.

This hardy plant thrives in light, coarsely textured soils with good drainage. It tolerates high temperatures, salinity, and poor-nutrient soils, while requiring minimal care once established. Frost may damage or kill the plant, but in warm, dry climates, it is a resilient and valuable addition to native plant gardens.

Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium bellum) is a 1-ft-tall perennial herb that grows throughout California, usually in open places where there is some moisture, particularly grassy areas. It can also be found in woodlands and at altitudes up to almost 8000 feet.

Its leaves are grassy and tufted. The flowers are small and purplish-blue, varying somewhat in color from a true blue to a definite purple; occasional white-flowering plants are found. It flowers from January to July. After flowering, it dies back to the ground and is dormant over the summer. It prefers some moisture and good drainage, but will tolerate summer dryness.

It can be propagated by seed, and self-sows. It can also be propagated by division of its rhizomes, and the flower stems can be rooted. It is moderately hardy and will tolerate temperatures down to 20 degrees F.

Blue-eyed Grass is very easy to grow and will easily reseed. Best to plant on flat areas in loamy soils that that hold moisture well.

Even though it goes dormant in the summer in dryer, southern areas, Blue-eyed Grass is more likely to survive the summer drought with occasional watering. It's best to plant this at the edges of landscapes for pops of color.

This plant is on several fire-resistant plant lists, including FireSafe Marin and County of San Diego.

Yellow Eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium californicum) is a perennial herb that naturally grows in moist environments. It is a member of the Iris family, with blade-like leaves. Yellow star-shaped flowers appear from May through June. It forms small clumps and self-sows in favorable conditions, and does best in full sun with regular watering.

Yellow Eyed Grass is adaptable to many types of soil. On the coast it takes full sun and inland grows in part shade. Yellow Eyed Grass is great for moist meadow gardens, rain gardens, in containers, or borders with adequate irrigation.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua), also known as apricot mallow, is a perennial shrub with fuzzy, whitish-green leaves and bowl-shaped orange flowers that put on a stunning display in full bloom. A member of the mallow family (Malvaceae), it thrives in creosote bush scrub and desert chaparral habitats across parts of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Sonora, and Baja California.

This drought-adapted plant grows well in both sandy and clay alkaline soils. It can be cut back in the fall to maintain a compact shape. There are three varieties, including Sphaeralcea ambigua var. rosacea, which features lavender-colored flowers.

Desert globemallow is an excellent butterfly plant and a great addition to desert landscapes.

Stipa lepida, known as Foothill Needlegrass or Small Flowered Needlegrass, is a native bunchgrass that grows in northwestern, central western, and southwestern California. In nature it tends to grow on dry slopes below 4,600 feet, in chaparral, grassland, oak savanna, or coastal sage scrub habitats.
This is a 'cool season' bunchgrass, with active growth during the winter through spring, and mid to late summer dormancy (partial to full deciduous) into the autumn.

Foothill Needlegrass is moderate to fast growing and can be long-lived. It grows in an upright mounding form to a height of 3 feet. It blooms in the early spring with golden yellow-tan flowers on stems above the foliage. Long narrow leaves are a medium green. It can tolerate occasional summer water, and may stay greener as a consequence, but will rot and die if it gets too much irrigation. It is drought tolerant with a very deep root system once established It is more tolerant of some shade than the other native needlegrasses (Stipa spp.), and can be used under the canopy of mature oaks and other native trees.

Symphoricarpos mollis, with the common names creeping snowberry, Southern California snowberry, and trip vine, is a shrub in the Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae). It is found in western North America from British Columbia to California inland to Nevada and Idaho.

The shrub does well in warm climates and can tolerate both intense sun and constant shade. It is a plant of chaparral ecosystems, especially along coastlines.

The cheerful California Aster (Symphyotrichum chilense) is a member of the Sunflower family that's native to coastal California. This perennial blooms from summer to fall, making it a good garden companion for other plants that have a spring blooming season. Its petite flowers bloom in subtle shades of blue and lavender. Butterflies and moths are attracted to the nectar. California Aster is a host plant for several species of both insects. Birds eat the seeds after blooming.

California Aster likes loamy clay soil and full or partial sun exposure. It does well in moist soil,but is also drought-adapted and can tolerate receiving little to no supplemental summer water. Cut this plant back to the ground in late fall or early winter. Deadheading produces more flowers, but in wildlife gardens it is often left to go to seed. New growth appears in late winter. It spreads easily by rhizomes; the low-growing 'Point Saint George' cultivar is often used as a groundcover plant.

Tiarella trifoliata, commonly called threeleaf foamflower, laceflower, or sugar-scoop, is a dicot in the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to the low to moderate elevation moist forests of western North America, from northern California to Montana and western Canada. Tiarella trifoliata is a perennial herb that grows in the late spring. The flowers are bell-shaped, white, solitary from an elongate, leafless panicle. The calyx lobes are 1. 5-2. 5 mm and petals are 3-4 mm. Basal leaves are 15-80 mm long and up to 120 mm wide, trifoliate or palmately 3- to 5-lobed. Cauline leaves are infrequent and much smaller. Varieties: There are three varieties of T. trifoliata:T. trifoliata var. trifoliata, which has leaves that are irregularly lobed, with coarse teeth. T. trifoliata var. unifoliata, which has simple leaves. T. trifoliata var. laciniata, which is confined in its range from Washington only as far north as Vancouver Island, and has deeply lobed leaves.

Woolly Bluecurls (Trichostema lanatum) is named for its curled, fuzzy flowers that bloom in brilliant shades of blue and lavender. These striking flowers bloom in dense clusters on branching stems from fall to spring. A favorite of hummingbirds, the flowers also attract bees, butterflies, and other insects.

This shrub is a member of the Mint family. Its narrow, bright green leaves have a pleasant, minty fragrance. It can quickly grow to an impressive size in the first year, although as a fire-following plant, it does have a short lifespan (around 4 to 5 years).

In the garden, this plant requires specific growing conditions to do well. A young Woolly Bluecurls plant needs regular watering after planting. Once it's established, however, overwatering - even occasional summer water - can damage or kill them. Plant in full or part sun in light, well-draining soil. It does well in rocky areas and does not like mulch. Although short-lived, the showy blooms make this plant a stunning addition to a low-water pollinator garden.

Triteleia ixioides, known as prettyface or golden star, is a monocotyledon flowering plant in the genus Triteleia. It is native to northern and central California and southwestern Oregon, where it can be found in coastal and inland coniferous forests and other habitat. It is a perennial wildflower growing from a corm. It produces one to two basal leaves up to 50 centimeters long by 1. 5 wide. The inflorescence arises on an erect stem up to 80 centimeters tall. It is an umbel-like cluster of several flowers each borne on a pedicel up to 7 centimeters long. The flowers are variable in size, measuring one to nearly three centimeters in length. They are pale to bright yellow, or sometimes purple-tinged white. There are six tepals with darker midveins in shades of green, brown, or purple. The lobes are funnel-shaped and may open flat or somewhat reflexed. The six stamens form a fused tube that protrudes from the corolla; they have broad, flat filaments and whitish, yellowish, or blue anthers. There are about five subspecies: Triteleia ixioides subsp. anilina, Triteleia ixioides subsp. cookii (Cook's prettyface), Triteleia ixioides subsp. ixioides (golden brodiaea), Triteleia ixioides subsp. scabra, and Triteleia ixioides subsp. unifolia.

Ithuriel's Spear (Triteleia laxa) is a common native perennial herb in the Lily family that grows primarily in northern and central California. It tends to grow in openings in forest or woodland with sandy soil, at elevations from 0-4600 feet.

Grassy blade-like leaves emerge in late winter and begin to go dormant just before flowering. Loose purple, star-shaped flower clusters arise on foot-long stems in late spring to early summer. Numerous insects including bees and butterflies are attracted to the flowers, and some mammals will dig up and eat the corms.

Extremely easy to grow, Ithuriel's Spear prefers sandy soil but thrives even in clay soil and under native oaks. It can take full sun and will be healthier if allowed to dry out and go dormant in the summer but will survive regular irrigation. Plant the corms 4 inches deep and mass for best effect. It will naturalize over time among other plants or grasses.

With its dark, evergreen leaves and reddish bark, this attractive native shrub provides year-round interest in the garden. It is also an important wildlife plant. The berries are a food source for a variety of birds and mammals. The delicate, bell-shaped flowers attract bees and hummingbirds.

Evergreen Huckleberry grows in coastal California. In the garden, it is a slow-growing, medium-sized shrub that can serve as a hedge or groundcover. It is a low-water plant that tolerates nutrient-poor soil and shady conditions.

De la mina verbena (Verbena lilacina 'De La Mina') is an adaptable, mounding perennial that produces mounds of delicate green foliage and stunning dark purple blossoms with lavender highlights.  The blooms are lightly scented. Though more flowers are on the bush in spring, it blossoms throughout most of the year, making it a very attractive and versatile plant for any flower border, butterfly garden, or patio container. It grows fast to about 2 feet high and spreads to about 4 feet wide. It is evergreen but may be semi-deciduous in summer.

This shrub grows best in loamy, medium-draining soil but will tolerate clay soil provided it isn't over-watered. It uses little to very little water. To maintain a dense form, shear lightly in summer, and remove spent flowers. It prefers sun in coastal sites, part shade inland and is recommended for dry gardens. 

Dog Violet (Viola adunca) is a hairy, compact plant with nodding purple flowers blooming from spring through summer. With dark green heart-shaped fragrant leaves spreading via rhizomes (horizontal underground stems), Dog Violet makes a low mat that covers the ground.

Dog Violet grows in shade or part sun, prefers well-drained soil and needs watering year round. Dog Violet hosts moths and butterflies. Native to meadows and forests, Dog Violet makes a great mat groundcover for woodland and meadow gardens.

Woodsia scopulina (Rocky Mountain woodsia) is a perennial plant in the Wood fern family (Dryopteridaceae). This plant is native to the western and northern United States and Canada. W. scopulina is a small fern, 10-20 centimeters in size, which grows in mesic to dry rock crevices.

Giant Chain Fern (Woodwardia fimbriata)  is the largest fern in North America, with upright, arching fronds that are wide and lacy.  It can reach 3 to 5 feet tall.  It will be either evergreen or summer deciduous, depending on its growing conditions.

Giant chain fern prefers part to full shade and likes some moisture but does not want to be kept wet. Allowing it to dry out just a little between waterings is good. It prefers fertile soil with good drainage but is adaptable to different types of soil. To keep it looking fresh and vigorous, cut back to the ground in late winter. Due to its size and shape, it is excellent as an accent in shaded areas or a woodland setting.