Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. A selection made in northern Baja by Randy Mudge and introduced by the santa Barbara Botanic Garden.

Gooseberryleaf Globemallow (Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia) is a native perennial herb or shrub that grows in Central and Northern California, primarily in the Modoc Plateau region. It is moderately fast growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in a flat form to a height of 2 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are red and striking, and bloom in the late spring. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It tends to grow in dry and sandy places, at elevations from 0-700 feet.

Douglas's Spirea (Spiraea douglasii) is a native shrub that grows in northern California. It is moderately fast growing and long-lived. It grows in a semi-upright form to a height of 7 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are purple and striking, and bloom in the mid summer. Leaves are dark green and deciduous. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-6400 feet.

The mountain shrub Spiraea densiflora has several common names, including mountain spiraea, dense-flowered spiraea, rosy spiraea, and subalpine spiraea. It is found on the west coast of North America from California to British Columbia. It grows at elevations between 2,000 and 11,000 feet on inland mountain ranges. It is a woody shrub rarely reaching a meter in height. It has light green toothed leaves which turn yellow as cold weather approaches. The plant bears fragrant, fuzzy pom-pons of bright rosy pink flowers in the summer. The fruit is a tiny dry pod, no more than one eighth of an inch in length.

Spiranthes romanzoffiana, commonly known as Irish Lady's-tresses or hooded lady's tresses, is a species of orchid. Collected by Chamisso during the Romanzov expedition it was described by him in 1828 and named for Count Nikolay Rumyantsev who financed it. This orchid is native to North America, Ireland and the British Isles. (Codes)

Alkali Sacaton (Sporobolus airoides) is a moderately fast-growing and moderately long-lived bunchgrass, native to southern and central California. It thrives in a variety of habitats, from coastal areas to foothills, central valley, and desert mountains, typically in locations with slightly more moisture. Its most notable feature is its ability to tolerate alkaline soils, which is reflected in its name. Early settlers viewed it as an indicator of underground water. This grass grows upright to a height of 3 feet, with active growth in spring and summer, producing yellow flowers that bloom in mid-summer. The showy seedheads persist throughout the summer and last for many months. The medium green leaves are deciduous and fall off in winter.

Alkali Sacaton is found in moist, but not saturated, places at elevations ranging from 0 to 6,900 feet. It can tolerate occasional foot traffic, but it should not be considered as a replacement for a lawn in areas that experience regular or heavy foot traffic.

Sand Dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus) is a native grass that grows in northern, southern and central California. It is moderately fast growing and short-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 3 feet, with active growth during the spring. Flowers are yellow and bloom in the late summer. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It tends to grow in washes and rocky slopes, at elevations from 1100-9200 feet.

Sporobolus wrightii is a species of grass known by the common names big sacaton and giant sacaton. It is native to the western United States and northern and central Mexico. This species is a perennial bunchgrass with thick stems that can reach 2. 5 metres tall. The leaves are 20 to 70 centimetres long. The panicle is lance-shaped in outline and up to 60 centimetres long. It contains purplish or greenish spikelets.

California Hedgenettle (Stachys bullata) is a perennial evergreen herb in the Mint family. California Hedgenettle is a delicate, attractive flowering plant that performs well in damp, partially shaded areas. It tends to grow in wet, swampy, boggy places, at elevations from sea level to 1,600 feet. The leaves are deep green and tongue-shaped. Two-lipped purple or pink flowers bloom on stalks spring through summer.

Throughout the rest of the year, the plant forms a bushy, spreading groundcover. Like most wetland plants, it spreads to occupy suitably damp land but is easily controlled. California Hedgenettle thrives in partially shaded areas and will tolerate clay soils. While not drought adapted, this plant is a good choice for bioswales, pond margins, and similar areas where a showy, flowering plant may be desired.

California Hedgenettle attracts hummingbirds, butterflies and other insects. Despite its common name, it does not form a hedge nor sting like true nettles.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Central and south western CA.

Stanleya pinnata is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name desert princesplume. It is native to the western United States, where it occurs in many types of open habitat, including deserts, foothills, rocky cliffs, sagebrush, and prairie. It prefers alkali- and gypsum-rich soils. It is a perennial herb or shrub producing several erect stems reaching up to about 1. 5 meters in maximum height. The stems are hairless, often waxy in texture, and have woody bases. The leaves have fleshy blades up to 15 centimeters long by 5 wide which are divided into several long, narrow lobes. The blades are borne on petioles. The top of the stem is occupied by a long inflorescence which is a dense raceme of many flowers. Each flower has narrow yellowish sepals which open to reveal four bright yellow petals each up to 2 centimeters long. The stamens protruding from the flower's center may approach 3 centimeters in length. The fruit is a curving, wormlike silique up to 8 centimeters long.

Stellaria umbellata is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common names umbrella starwort and umbellate starwort. It is native to western North America from Alaska and northwestern Canada to the southwestern United States, as well as parts of Asia, including Siberia. It grows in subalpine and alpine climates in mountain forests and riverbanks. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing a slender prostrate stem up to about 20 centimeters long, sometimes forming clumps or mats. The stem is lined with pairs of oval leaves each up to about 2 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an umbel-shaped array of several flowers each on an arching or erect pedicels. The flower has five pointed green sepals each no more than 3 millimeters long. There are occasionally tiny white petals within the calyx of sepals, but these are generally absent.

Nodding Needle Grass is a native grass that grows in many parts of California, primarily in the Coast Ranges from Tehama County southward at elevations from sea level to 5,000 ft. It is fast growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 3 feet, with active growth during the spring. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. There have been some taxonomic changes related to this genus (Needlegrass) over the years, and some sources may refer to it as Nasella. The Stipas generally have been a major component of California's native grasslands. In the garden it is best used in small patches between chaparral or sage scrub species and mixed with various perennial herbs and annuals.

Stipa lepida, known as Foothill Needlegrass or Small Flowered Needlegrass, is a native bunchgrass that grows in northwestern, central western, and southwestern California. In nature it tends to grow on dry slopes below 4,600 feet, in chaparral, grassland, oak savanna, or coastal sage scrub habitats.
This is a 'cool season' bunchgrass, with active growth during the winter through spring, and mid to late summer dormancy (partial to full deciduous) into the autumn.

Foothill Needlegrass is moderate to fast growing and can be long-lived. It grows in an upright mounding form to a height of 3 feet. It blooms in the early spring with golden yellow-tan flowers on stems above the foliage. Long narrow leaves are a medium green. It can tolerate occasional summer water, and may stay greener as a consequence, but will rot and die if it gets too much irrigation. It is drought tolerant with a very deep root system once established It is more tolerant of some shade than the other native needlegrasses (Stipa spp.), and can be used under the canopy of mature oaks and other native trees.

Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) is a deciduous shrub in the honeysuckle family known for its delicate bell-shaped pink flowers in spring and clusters of white berries in fall and winter. Native to moist, shady areas, it thrives as an understory plant in woodlands and along streambanks, forming dense thickets when conditions are favorable.

In the garden, snowberry is an excellent choice for dry shade, though it also tolerates additional water. Its adaptability makes it well-suited for a variety of soils and moisture levels. The shrub provides valuable shelter for wildlife, while its berries serve as a favorite food source for birds. Although the berries are mildly toxic to humans, they are harmless to many animals.

The spring blooms are a reliable source of nectar for bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, adding to its appeal as a habitat-friendly addition to native plant gardens.

Canyon Snowberry is recognized variety of Symphoricarpos albus. For garden purposes, the two are virtually identical. It is a native shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California, along the coast, in the coastal mountain ranges, and in the Sierra foothills. It tends to grow in woods, streambanks and north-facing slopes, at elevations from 0-4000 feet.

It is a beautiful plant with lovely white berries in autumn and a great plant for wildlife gardens. It attracts many birds including hummingbirds, butterflies and many other pollinators. Easy to grow in landscaping applications, and tolerates many different soil types and sun conditions. Prefers relatively moist soils --- best to plant near a stream, seep or irrigated area. See listing for Symphoricarpos albus for additional information.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected from san Bruno Mountain.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected by Roy Taylor at Tilden park Botanical Garden.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Selected for the garden.

Symphoricarpos mollis, with the common names creeping snowberry, Southern California snowberry, and trip vine, is a shrub in the Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae). It is found in western North America from British Columbia to California inland to Nevada and Idaho.

The shrub does well in warm climates and can tolerate both intense sun and constant shade. It is a plant of chaparral ecosystems, especially along coastlines.

The cheerful California Aster (Symphyotrichum chilense) is a member of the Sunflower family that's native to coastal California. This perennial blooms from summer to fall, making it a good garden companion for other plants that have a spring blooming season. Its petite flowers bloom in subtle shades of blue and lavender. Butterflies and moths are attracted to the nectar. California Aster is a host plant for several species of both insects. Birds eat the seeds after blooming.

California Aster likes loamy clay soil and full or partial sun exposure. It does well in moist soil,but is also drought-adapted and can tolerate receiving little to no supplemental summer water. Cut this plant back to the ground in late fall or early winter. Deadheading produces more flowers, but in wildlife gardens it is often left to go to seed. New growth appears in late winter. It spreads easily by rhizomes; the low-growing 'Point Saint George' cultivar is often used as a groundcover plant.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Horticultural selection from Aster chilensis. This native perennial has beautiful showy lavender flowers that last from summer through fall providing a gorgeous color when most flowers are gone. It is a groundcover selection of the species that spreads rapidly which makes it a great option for borders,or containers or as a lawn substitute. It will bear light traffic. This plant grows from rhizomes, so some form of edging to contain its eventual spread and keep it in bounds should be considered when planting. It attracts both butterflies and birds which make it a great choice for both butterfly and bird gardens especially since the flowers bloom in summer and fall when most plants have stopped flowering.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Dune Tansy (Tanacetum bipinnatum) is a native perennial herb in the Asteraceae (Sunflower) family that grows in Central and Northern California, primarily in the North Coast and Central Coast regions. It grows from a rhizome. The leaves are lacy and ferny. The inflorescence bears up to 15 flower heads, each about a centimeter wide. Each head contains many yellowish disc florets and many pistillate florets around the edges. The latter may have minute ray florets. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long which is tipped with a small pappus of toothed scales. It tends to grow at elevations from 0-1,000 feet, primarily in Coastal Strand habitat. It is hairy, glandular, and aromatic, with a camphor-like scent.

Taxus brevifolia (Pacific Yew or Western Yew) is a conifer native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. It ranges from southernmost Alaska south to central California, mostly in the Pacific Coast Ranges, but with an isolated disjunct population in southeast British Columbia, most notably occurring on Zuckerberg Island near Castlegar and south to central Idaho. It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, growing 10-15 meter tall and with a trunk up to 50 centimeter diameter, rarely more. In some instances, trees with heights in excess of 20 meters occur in parks and other protected areas, quite often in gullies. The tree is extremely slow growing, and has a habit of rotting from the inside, creating hollow forms. This makes it difficult to impossible to make accurate rings counts to determine a specimens true age. Often damaged by succession of the forest, it usually ends up in a squat, multiple leader form.

Bigflower Tellima (Tellima grandiflora) is a native perennial herb in the Saxifagiaceae (Saxifrage) family that grows in central and northern California, from Santa Cruz northward. It is found in the Coast Ranges and northern Sierras. It tends to grow in the moist shade of evergreen forest at elevations from sea level to 5,000 feet. The basal leaves resemble Heuchera and other plants in the same family. The leaves and inflorescence are somewhat hairy. The spike-like raceme carries numerous red, pink or white flowers that are small and ephemeral but very attractive. It would be a good addition to the understory of a woodland garden.

Spineless Horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens) is a native shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California. It is slow growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 4 feet, with active growth during the spring, summer, fall. Flowers are yellow and bloom in the late summer. Leaves are white-gray and deciduous. It tends to grow in saltbush, at elevations from 0-10000 feet.

Tetradymia glabrata is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name littleleaf horsebrush. It is native to the western United States, especially the Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Its habitat includes sagebrush, woodlands, and scrub. It is an erect, bushy shrub growing to a maximum height over one meter, its stems coated unevenly in white woolly fibers with many bare strips. The narrow, pointed leaves are usually no more than a centimeter long and most occur in clusters along the branches. The inflorescence bears up to seven flower heads which are each enveloped in four woolly phyllaries. Each head contains four yellow cream flowers each around a centimeter long. The fruit is a hairy, ribbed achene with a pappus of bristles. This species is the most toxic of the horsebrushes; it and spineless horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens) commonly cause illness and mortality in sheep due to the presence of furanoeremophilanes and other substances. It is especially toxic when consumed along with the black sagebrush (Artemisia nova).

Meadow Rue is a native perennial herb in the Ranunculaceae (Buttercup) family. However, it looks nothing like the conventional image of a Buttercup. It is widespread in Western North America. In California it is found in many locations including the Bay Area, central coast, Coast Ranges, Sierras, and coastal Southern California. It is found from sea level to 10,500 ft., most often in moist forest or woodland areas. It is a shade lover and works well with ferns and other shade plants. In warmer or drier areas it may go dormant in summer and die back to the ground, as some ferns do, but should recover with normal watering.

Tiarella trifoliata, commonly called threeleaf foamflower, laceflower, or sugar-scoop, is a dicot in the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to the low to moderate elevation moist forests of western North America, from northern California to Montana and western Canada. Tiarella trifoliata is a perennial herb that grows in the late spring. The flowers are bell-shaped, white, solitary from an elongate, leafless panicle. The calyx lobes are 1. 5-2. 5 mm and petals are 3-4 mm. Basal leaves are 15-80 mm long and up to 120 mm wide, trifoliate or palmately 3- to 5-lobed. Cauline leaves are infrequent and much smaller. Varieties: There are three varieties of T. trifoliata:T. trifoliata var. trifoliata, which has leaves that are irregularly lobed, with coarse teeth. T. trifoliata var. unifoliata, which has simple leaves. T. trifoliata var. laciniata, which is confined in its range from Washington only as far north as Vancouver Island, and has deeply lobed leaves.

Foamflower (Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata) is a uncommon native perennial herb that grows in central and northern California. It tends to grow in moist banks, at elevations from 0-8200 feet.

The plant Tolmiea diplomenziesii is a member of the genus Tolmiea. It is found in Oregon and California and is endemic to the United States. The plant was formerly considered to be part of Tolmiea menziesii but was split off as a separate species because while T. menziesii are tetraploid, T. diplomenziesii are diploid.

Trifolium barbigerum is a species of clover known by the common name bearded clover. The plant is native to central coastal and Northern California and Oregon, below 700 metres (2,300 ft) in elevation. Areas it is found include on the northern Channel Islands of California, the California Coast Ranges, and around the San Francisco Bay Area. It grows in many types of habitat, including coastal prairie, mixed evergreen forest, closed-cone pine forest, and wetland-riparian areas. It is also found in disturbed and cultivated areas. Trifolium barbigerum is an annual herb growing decumbent to erect in form and hairy to hairless in texture. The leaves are divided into oval leaflets up to 2. 5 centimeters long, sometimes having notches at the tips. The stipules on the leaves are large and variable in shape. The inflorescence is a head of flowers up to 2. 5 centimeters wide. The flowers are held in a bowl-shaped involucre of bracts with toothed edges. Each flower has a calyx of sepals narrowing into one or more bristles which are coated with long hairs. Within each calyx is the flower corolla which may be pinkish purple, white, or bicolored purple and white. The bloom period is April to July. Varieties: Trifolium barbigerum was formerly discussed classified with two varieties, that are not in current use:Trifolium barbigerum var. andrewsii - reclassified as Trifolium grayi. Trifolium. barbigerum var. barbigerum - reclassified as and synonym of Trifolium barbigerum.

Triglochin maritima is a variety of arrowgrass found in brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, wet sandy beaches, fens, damp grassland and bogs. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern Northern Hemisphere. In the British Isles it is common on the coast, but very rare inland. It is like marsh arrowgrass (Triglochin palustris) but has the following differences: it has stolons, is stouter. The leaves are fleshy and not furrowed above. It is not very aromatic. The raceme are more dense and like sea plantain. The flowers are fleshier. The fruits are oval, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide. It is like marsh arrowgrass (Triglochin palustris) but has the following differences: it has stolons, is stouter. The leaves are fleshy and not furrowed above. It is not very aromatic. The raceme are more dense and like sea plantain. The flowers are fleshier. The fruits are oval, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide. It varies in height from 8-30 inches (to 45 cm). It flowers in May to August; flowers are greenish, 3 petalled, edged with purple, 1/8 inch (2mm) across, in a long spike. Common names include seaside arrowgrass, common arrowgrass, sea arrowgrass and shore arrowgrass. It can be an annual or perennial. Triglochin concinna is often included in this species.

Trisetum canescens is a species of grass known by the common names tall trisetum and tall false oat. The bunchgrass is native to western North America from Alaska and British Columbia to central California and Arizona, where it occurs in forests, mountain meadows, and streambanks, being most common among Ponderosa pines and stands of spruce and fir. Trisetum canescens is a perennial bunchgrass forming clumps of erect stems up to 50-80 centimetres (20-31 in) tall, but known to exceed 1 metre (3. 3 ft). There are three to four leaves per stem, the blades reaching up to 30 centimeters in length. The sheaths can be hairless to quite hairy, the hairs sometimes long and shaggy. The inflorescence is an open or compact panicle of green, tan, or purplish spikelets up to 20 centimeters long.

Mountain Pretty Face (Triteleia ixioides ssp. anilina) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in open sandy places, at elevations from 2000-9800 feet.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Selected for the garden.

Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden. A cultivar that is most likely a form of Triteleia ixioides ssp scabra.

Ithuriel's Spear (Triteleia laxa) is a common native perennial herb in the Lily family that grows primarily in northern and central California. It tends to grow in openings in forest or woodland with sandy soil, at elevations from 0-4600 feet.

Grassy blade-like leaves emerge in late winter and begin to go dormant just before flowering. Loose purple, star-shaped flower clusters arise on foot-long stems in late spring to early summer. Numerous insects including bees and butterflies are attracted to the flowers, and some mammals will dig up and eat the corms.

Extremely easy to grow, Ithuriel's Spear prefers sandy soil but thrives even in clay soil and under native oaks. It can take full sun and will be healthier if allowed to dry out and go dormant in the summer but will survive regular irrigation. Plant the corms 4 inches deep and mass for best effect. It will naturalize over time among other plants or grasses.

Triteleia peduncularis is a monocot flowering plant in the genus Triteleia. Its common names include long-ray brodiaea and longray triteleia. It is endemic to California, where it occurs in the coastal and inland mountain ranges of the northern and central sections of the state. It grows in vernally moist habitat such as meadows, grassland, and vernal pools, often in areas with serpentine soils. It is a perennial wildflower growing from a corm. There are two or three basal leaves measuring up to 40 cm (16 in) long and 1. 5 cm (0. 6 in) wide. The inflorescence arises on a smooth, erect stem up to 80 cm (31 in) tall. It is an umbel-like cluster of several flowers which are borne on very long, straight pedicels measuring up to 18 cm (7. 1 in) long. Each funnel-shaped flower is white, often tinged purple, with six tepals up to 1. 6 cm (0. 6 in) in length. There are six stamens with white anthers, and the ovary at the center is yellow when the flower is fresh.

Tsuga mertensiana (Mountain Hemlock) is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern Tulare County, California. It is a large evergreen coniferous tree growing to 20-40 meter tall, exceptionally 59 meter, and with a trunk diameter of up to 2 meter. The bark is thin and square-cracked or furrowed, and gray in color. The crown is a neat slender conic shape in young trees with a tilted or drooping lead shoot, becoming cylindric in older trees. At all ages, it is distinguished by the slightly pendulous branchlet tips. The shoots are orange-brown, with dense fine hair about 1 millimeter long. The leaves are needle-like, 7-25 millimeter long and 1-1.5 millimeter broad, soft, blunt-tipped, only slightly flattened in cross-section, pale waxy pale blue-green above, and with two broad bands of bluish-white stomata below with only a narrow green midrib between the bands; they differ from those of any other species of hemlock in also having stomata on the upper surface, and are arranged spirally all round the shoot. The cones are small, but much longer than those of any other species of hemlock, pendulous, cylindrical, 30-80 millimeter long and 8-10 millimeter broad when closed, opening to 12-35 millimeter broad, superficially somewhat like a small spruce cone. They have thin, flexible scales 8-18 millimeter long. The immature cones are dark purple (rarely green), maturing red-brown 5-7 months after pollination. The seeds are red-brown, 2-3 millimeter long, with a slender, 7-12 millimeter long pale pink-brown wing.

Utricularia minor, the lesser bladderwort, is a small, perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. It is usually found affixed to the substrate but it can also survive suspended in a body of water. U. minor is a circumboreal species and is found in North America, Asia, and Europe.

Vaccinium cespitosum, (also, caespitosum), the dwarf bilberry, is a species of flowering shrub in the genus which includes blueberries and cranberries. It is a low-lying plant rarely reaching half a meter in height which forms a carpetlike stand in rocky mountainous meadows. It is found across Canada and into the northern half of the United States. The foliage is reddish-green to green and the flowers are tiny urn-shaped light pink cups less than a centimeter wide. The fruits are edible blue bilberries.

Little Leaf Huckleberry (Vaccinium scoparium) is a rare native shrub that grows in Northern California, primarily in the Klamath Mountain Range region. It is fast growing and moderately long-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 2 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer. Flowers are red and striking, and bloom in the early summer. Leaves are medium green and deciduous. It tends to grow in moist soils and woods, at elevations from 6000-7000 feet.

Vaccinium uliginosum (Bog Bilberry or Northern Bilberry) is a flowering plant in the genus Vaccinium. It is native to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, at low altitudes in the Arctic, and at high altitudes south to the Pyrenees, the Alps, and the Caucasus in Europe, the mountains of Mongolia, northern China and central Japan in Asia, and the Sierra Nevada in California and the Rocky Mountains in Utah in North America. It grows on wet acidic soils on heathland, moorland, tundra, and in the understory of coniferous forests, from sea level in the Arctic, up to 3,400 meter altitude in the south of the range.

Vancouveria planipetala is a species of flowering plant in the barberry family known by the common names redwood inside-out flower and redwood ivy. It is native to southwestern Oregon and northern California, where it occurs in coastal mountain ranges. It grows in forests, especially redwood forests. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb with a short, mostly underground stem. It produces a patch of basal leaves which are each made up of round or heart-shaped leaflets borne on long, reddish petioles. The inflorescence appears in May and June. It is a panicle of flowers on a long, erect peduncle. Each small, drooping flower has six inner sepals which look like petals. They are a few millimeters in length, white, and reflexed back, or upwards, away from the flower center. Lying against the sepals are the smaller true petals, which are white or purple-tinged and flat-tipped or notched. There are six stamens and a large glandular ovary.

Tolerates almost any soil type. Prefers shade in coastal sites, and shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Verbena hastata (American vervain, blue vervain or swamp verbena) is a flowering plant in the vervain family, Verbenaceae. It is a herb with opposite, simple leaves which have double-serate margins, borne on stiffly erect, branching square stems. The flowers appear in summer and are purple. This is a common plant that occurs across North America. They are hardy and drought resistant. This species is a member of the diploid North American vervains which have 14 chromosomes altogether. Hybridization seems to have played some role in its evolution, presumably between some member of a group including the White Vervain (V. urticifolia), V. lasiostachys or V. menthifolia, and V. orcuttiana or a related species. In the recent evolutionary past, there has been an incident of chloroplast transfer of one of the latter or the Swamp Verbena to the mock vervain Glandularia bipinnatifida which is a close relative of the genus Verbena. It is unknown by what mechanism this happened, but it is suspected that hybridization is not responsible.

Vervain (Verbena lasiostachys) is a perennial herb in the Verbena family that grows in northern, central, and southern California, as well as Oregon. It is found primarily along the coast, in the Coast Ranges, foothills, and scattered inland locations. This aggressive spreader is a pioneer species that thrives in wet places, at elevations ranging from sea level to 8,200 feet.

Vervain has a long blooming season, with small pink to purple flowers densely clustered on spikes rising above its nettle-like leaves. It goes completely dormant in winter and grows quickly in early spring. Given its spreading nature, it should be used in areas where it can be controlled.

This plant is an excellent choice for butterfly gardens, attracting pollinators with its nectar-rich flowers. The flowers will also draw hummingbirds, making it a great addition to gardens looking to support a variety of wildlife.

Western Vervain (Verbena lasiostachys var. lasiostachys) is a native perennial herb that grows in northern, southern and central California. It tends to grow in open places, at elevations from 0-8200 feet.

De la mina verbena (Verbena lilacina 'De La Mina') is an adaptable, mounding perennial that produces mounds of delicate green foliage and stunning dark purple blossoms with lavender highlights.  The blooms are lightly scented. Though more flowers are on the bush in spring, it blossoms throughout most of the year, making it a very attractive and versatile plant for any flower border, butterfly garden, or patio container. It grows fast to about 2 feet high and spreads to about 4 feet wide. It is evergreen but may be semi-deciduous in summer.

This shrub grows best in loamy, medium-draining soil but will tolerate clay soil provided it isn't over-watered. It uses little to very little water. To maintain a dense form, shear lightly in summer, and remove spent flowers. It prefers sun in coastal sites, part shade inland and is recommended for dry gardens. 

Horticultural selection from Verbena lilacina. Grows best in sandy, coarse-grained or other fast draining soil. Prefers sun in coastal sites, and sun or part shade in inland sites. Selected for the garden.

Veronica americana, variously called American brookline or American speedwell, is a plant native to temperate and arctic Asia and North America where it grows in streams and bottomlands. It is a herbaceous perennial with smooth stems 10-100 centimeter long that bear terminal or axillary racemes or spikes of soft violet flowers. The leaves are 1.5-8 centimeter long and 3 to 20 times as long as wide, short-petiolate, smooth, serrate to almost entire.

Veronica wormskjoldii is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name American alpine speedwell. It is native to much of northern and western North America, including the western United States and northern Canada, from where it grows in moist alpine habitat, such as mountain forest understory. It has a wide subarctic distribution from Alaska to Greenland. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing a decumbent to erect, mostly unbranched stem up to 25 to 40 centimeters tall and coated in long hairs. The oppositely arranged leaves are 2 to 4 centimeters long and lack petioles. The flower cluster is a hairy, hairy raceme of flowers at the tip of the stem. Each flower has hairy, lance-shaped sepals and a blue corolla up to a centimeter wide. The fruit is a capsule around half a centimeter long which contains tiny flattened seeds.

Dog Violet (Viola adunca) is a hairy, compact plant with nodding purple flowers blooming from spring through summer. With dark green heart-shaped fragrant leaves spreading via rhizomes (horizontal underground stems), Dog Violet makes a low mat that covers the ground.

Dog Violet grows in shade or part sun, prefers well-drained soil and needs watering year round. Dog Violet hosts moths and butterflies. Native to meadows and forests, Dog Violet makes a great mat groundcover for woodland and meadow gardens.

Viola bakeri is a species of violet known by the common name Baker's violet. It is native to the Western United States, from Washington and Oregon, to the mountains of northern Nevada, and in California to the southern High Sierra Nevada. The plant occurs in openings in coniferous forest habitats. Viola bakeri is an herb that grows from a woody taproot, reaching a maximum height of a few centimeters to around 30 centimetres (12 in). The leaves have lance-shaped blades up to 5 or 6 centimeters long which are borne on petioles. They are usually hairless, but may have hairs along the veins and edges. A solitary flower is borne on an upright stem. It has five yellow petals, the lowest three marked with brown veining and the upper pair sometimes tinged with brown or purple on the outer surface.

Viola glabella, also known as Stream Violet or Pioneer Violet, occurs along streams or in moist woods in northeastern Asia and northwestern North America. Its petals are yellow on both sides, with the exception of dark purple nectar guides on the front of the lower three petals. The flowers arise from the same stems as the leaves; the plant is deciduous and dies back completely to its roots in the autumn.